Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - April 25, 1944, Winnipeg, Manitoba Page ten modern Cavemen Odessa catacombs prove salvation by David m. Nichol Odessa sunday april 16. Spe Cial can same kind of Energy which now leads Odessa s citizens to dig up curb Stone gardens and Whitewash build Ings and budding acacia Trees in addition to All the other necessary jobs in a liberated City produced one of the most unusual guerrilla movements in the whole history of this War. It was aided materially by an historical existence of catacombs Cut through the Lime Stone Rock upon which the City a. Built. Alexander Zoh Olude Deputy mayor of Odessa and a close student of the City s history estimates tha these tunnels have an aggregate length of from 90 to 100 Miles. They came into being As the City itself built. Following the Lime tone strata workmen Cut out the blocks from which most of City s buildings were constructed smugglers Early Learned the value of these passages. Two and one half years of nazi occupation required to give them the role they have now assumed. Hardly less interesting than its setting is the manner in which popular movement came into being Here for example is the Story of the Leninsky District or. Because of the persistence of old names Molda Vanka. As most of Odessa s inhabitants refer to it. The District was one chiefly of Homes for or three Story buildings of the Limestone that was to to their owners ultimate salvation. Here and there great gaps had been torn by the Aerial raiders that smashed at the City during the initial siege by fir and to a lesser extent by the fight ing that marked the final weeks of the German occupation. Exhausted by the Mander. By popular Choice of detachments in this Region was tall thin faced 35-year-old chemical Engineer. Anatoly Loschenko. To conceal his identity he was referred to by his comrades always As major Volgin. One detachment Leader was the volatile mining Engineer. Dmitri Gan Shin Comrade excited talk and nervous gestures Are eloquent Testi Mony of endured. The Strain these men siege and numbed by the Shock of the nazi entry the people at first offered Little organized resistance their own accounts indicate. But the turning Point of the soviet Union s fortunes in the Winter fighting of 1042-1943, was likewise the turning Point of Odessa s existence. Tales began to filter Back from the front of the waste and ruin which the nazis were exacting from the cities they were compelled to abandon. Men and women uprooted from their Homes and sent to modern slavery families were Ali t up Germany and to their own pitiful Iron left devices. In Odessa s Homes and place of employment men and women be Gan discussing the possibilities of saving themselves from a similar late. Tiie catacombs came immediately to mind. They had been used already to a certain extent during periodic Waves of extreme re pression or by persons specially blacklisted by the romanians or germans. The idea spread of Mak ing them the base of partisan activity. Natural leaders began to emerge among the District s inhabitants. One. Destined to become the Corn i want but want Economy too than Why i use . Loschenko said at first they had no really Clear idea of what they would do. They began storing food collecting Money and arguing patient in with those who thought the project too dangerous or too useless. Underground Hospital not Only food was stored in the preparations made for action. An underground Hospital was outfitted with Beds and a few _ essential medicines. A doctor who joined the guerrilla ranks was Given charge. Weils were dug Lor water which to important in the final siege. Mills for wheat were laboriously taken Down the it trains narrow Pasage to the main Corri Dors beneath and even a Small sausage packing Plant was established. They assembled their own print ing press from which handbills be Gan to appear urging the population to remain determined bringing them news of red army successes obtained by radio or threatening Stern revenge on the romanian occupants for their exaction. Blood drained children popular support grew. Loschenko said that the movement was Given a great Spur by the appearance in Odessa in january and february of this year of train loads of children who had been impressed into ser vice As blood donors and who once their bodies had been drained were often left to die or become waifs if their constitutions were sufficiently Strong to survive. The problem of arms for the detachments was most difficult Loschenko said. Here it was the women of the District who distinguished themselves. Loschenko said that they met requirements magnificently in the last resort simply stealing them from soldiers established Contact dancing sed army. With the and their stories indicated that they had played a considerable role in the final Days of fighting particularly around the Northern suburb Pere sip. Cause 500 casualties Loschenko estimated that the partisans accounted for some 500 casualties among the German and romanian troops in the City. Their losses he said were perhaps 30. R. W. K. Casein paint saves 25% because it comes in powder form. No pre added water to pay just the inexpensive package of Active ingredients. Take . Any Day it sure. Saves time Oft paint w. Pc. Can be applied Over fresh plaster and Green masonry. Re quires no priming Coal. Dries in 40 minutes. In most cases Only one coat needed. Who might be billeted in their Homes. Kaler to sell arms the grafting romanians were so racer to sell arms thru they lowered the prices. Loschenko that a file could be purchased for from 50 to 100 Marks a pistol which was much easier to conceal and there fore More valuable Lor from 150 to 200 Marks. A Tommy gun with cartridges brought about 250 Marks while hand grenades could be obtained in Trade for bread. By the first of april about half he entire guerrilla group had been armed Loschenko said adding Wist fully. If we ail had been armed we could have taken the underground they had completed their preparations. Reach be caption room we Slid and scrambled Down a passageway to a depth of 100 feet entered a Large Tunnel and saw Ese quarters. We made our in even Way about 200 feet along a corridor until we reached the broader Rio Linn. This. Loschenko explained was the reception room. All visitors were halted there and disarmed be fore being permitted to continue. Almost anyone could i nine in. The real difficulty Way gluing Back out. If the partisans decided the visitor was a spy or police agent he or she one once came disguised As n Sirl in a red army parachutist uniform remained until the end of the siege and was then to turned Over to the soviet authorities. Staff Headquarters beyond the reception room was staff outside office j and a private inner chamber for i Loschenko. Complete with All maps and a Stone slab for a desk. Adjoining was another room where Loschenko made incendiary bottles. Sometimes with the help of a woman chemical worker. The third Cham Ber was used As an armory. April Date on which the germans finally took Over the last vestiges of authority from the to be by Gen eral agreement the signal for All out operations. Guerrillas who had lived part time in the caverns now went underground in Earnest. They tried to hamper the German withdrawal. On one occasion according to Zaushin they captured almost Complete German police patrol of 65 men and held them prisoners. Living Over Volcano for the germans it was like Liv ing on a live Volcano. On the last Day of their company the germans ordered that streets must be cleared windows closed and doors left Way to try to pre vent an outbreak according to Loschenko. During those 10 Days while Odessa lived in virtual anarchy and the partisans were confined to the catacombs except for raids they airborne forces ready for work a British glider base april 24. Up crack air borne for mentions upon which the Success of a least certain stages of the second front operation May de Pend Are ready for the impending assault on Europe trained to razor Edge keenness and unbelievable efficiency. In the greatest exercise of its kind yet held thousands of these men and of supplies were drop Ped from troop carrying aircraft or landed in Blunt nosed gliders. At one stage in the demonstration there seemed to be an endless Stream of aircraft filling the sky. The operation lasted 24 hours. It began at dusk one night when transports dropped paratroops As signed to carry out sabotage. In the morning hundreds of twin engine Dakota transports from various British and american groups drop Pel troops near the targets in the area covered by the exercise. free press tuesday april 25, 1044 the ground. But each of the gliders More hundreds of two tugs Albemarle and a still engine Jonas landed gliders with assorted cargoes of troops and equipment including jeeps. Dropping ammunition and supplies by night concluded the operation. Tractors pulled the horse gliders onto the runway behind the tugs and airmen adjusted the Tow ropes. At intervals of 40 or 50 seconds us roared Down the runway pull ing Throe ton gliders Laden with a payload of approximately the same weight. They came Down at a Sharp Angle and spectators held their breath levelled out while a few Eccl no voc ground righted itself gently und rolled smartly to n Stop n Tew Yards farther on. Manitoban leads successful raid London april 25. Cup Cable Twe Messerschmidt 110 s were shot Down near Laon in Northern France late yesterday by three Canadian spitfire pilots on an offensive i keep to. T. W. O. Dowbiggin Montreal downed one and of. D. G. Ash Leigh Toronto and of. R. K. Hay Ward St. Johns Newfoundland hared the second victim. The sweep was led by Sydn. Cdr. W. Camei on Roland Man. None the were lost. Channels sudden and unanticipated. This with dramatic or Dyna Mic incident reaching far into the future with Romance and adventure. Strange Radical and novel propositions attract support from influential persons impressed by the exceptional and unusual. But in nil associations beware ensnaring intriguing or Subtle situations indicating distress and perhaps Ignominy. In private affiliations there is forecast of Romance thrills change and with emotional gratifications As Well As up sets. A child born on this Day May have much Talent and ambition with exceptional creative ability to attract those in High places. It Horoscope with Dei Tor for thursday april 27 a sensible alertness to deceptive and Tricky fac tors there is a Prospect of surprising Progress to be made on this Day. Large and important moves of far reaching scope should i respond to certain dynamic Astral forces that impel toward out of the Ordinary initiative and projects. Novelty ingenuity and in Novation May win support from High places. But with it All there is menace of entangling alliances of dubious Worth. 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