Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - April 21, 1945, Winnipeg, Manitoba Of Trade Liberty of religion Equality of civil rights Winnipeg free press printed and published Winnipeg free press company limited 300 Carllon Street Winnipeg Manitoba. Victor Sifton. Publisher George v. Ferguson executive editor. Grant Dexter associate editor. Bruce Hutchison associate editor Winnipeg saturday april 21, 1945 the Post War programme the recent White paper on reconstruction is a concise state ment of the government s general Post War programme. Much of that programme has already appeared in the form of actual legislation official announcements and establishment of administrative machinery. The present White paper gathers together the pieces and sets out a general framework of policy with some indication of the underlying philosophy. The Broad objectives Are stated the inter relationship Between the various measures Are outlined and the factors which Are to be Given particular emphasis Are indicated. The paper is directed specifically to the initial period of reconversion stage 2 Between the end of War with Germany and the final end of hostilities with Japan but the main features of longer run policies Are also discussed. The document is therefore an important guide to the Complex Many detailed actions by which the government Hopes to restore a satisfactory peacetime Economy. As a major aim the government has stated unequivocally its adoption of a High and stable level of employment and income and thereby higher standards of living. It should be noted that the catchword full employment was not adopted. Changes in foreign markets Over which we have no control climate fluctuations and alterations in buying habits will at times require the making of adjustments and the development of new and different jobs. If these necessary adjustments Are further impeded by undesirable commitments to provide cer Tain kinds of employment at All times inefficiency in production and lower standards of living for everyone will result. Waste and regimentation of the individual is the Price of inflexibility. The maintenance of a High level of opportunities so that All who wish to can find work without prolonged delay and continuous Freedom to seek out better jobs Are the conditions of a rising Standard of living for labor and All other groups. A what does a High level of employment in the Post War period mean there Are now upwards of persons engaged in the armed services and in War Industry. The White paper estimates that approximately workers will wish to withdraw voluntarily from the labor Force when the War is ended. Another could return to civilian work which existed before the War. The remainder around must find employment which did not exist in 1939. This is unquestionably a Large task. This additional employment is one and a half times As Large As the entire number of jobs provided by the whole of our manufacturing Industry before the War. The absorption of War displaced workers will perforce be gradual. While the struggle against Japan carries on a Large number will continue to be engaged in the War Effort. For those that Are displaced the immediate outlets Are expected to be More than ample. During this intermediate period Relief to liberated countries production of supplies to meet some of the Large deferred consumer demand for automobiles furniture household appliances Etc. Resumption of exports to historic markets modernization of Industrial equipment and the build ing of urgently required houses will it is anticipated create demands for More than the available labor. Government expenditures will continue to be huge and the release of materials from War needs will not for a time be sufficient to meet All requirements. Many controls will have to be retained to ensure an equitable distribution of scarce supplies and to prevent inflation. Some employment difficulties May arise during the conversion of factories in stage 2 to peacetime production but these were expected to be local and will be dealt with on a local basis. The real task of maintaining High employment in peacetime production will come after the end of the War with Japan. The government does not propose any doctrinaire solution it has no magic formula and it does not offer any single Panacea. The Post War employment problem is not to solved by huge expenditures on Public works govern ment controls Are not the method. The White paper states. As wartime scarcities disappear wartime controls will be and the goal is to be attained in a practical Way through the effective working of a number of compatible policies All directed to the same end and each contributing to the Success of the the White paper Points out that employment and income Are provided by expenditures which result from Export Trade in which the decision to spend is made outside the coun try a private investment in Plant equipment and other durable goods and goods in Stock in which the decision is governed largely by prospective earnings in relation to Cost consumption expenditures the level of which is mainly dependent on the level of incomes d Public investment in useful works for improving the productiveness of resources and the welfare and opportunities of the the aim of High employment is to be achieved by the greatest possible outlay in All of these Fields. Private Enterprise is to be relied upon As far As possible to provide the necessary expenditures. The government does not believe it to be either desirable or practicable to look to the expansion of government Enterprise to provide to any Large degree the additional employment required. It follows that a major and Early task of reconstruction is to facilitate and encourage an expansion of private Industry including primary with other this does not mean that the Job will be handed Over to private business with no further concern by governments come what May. The White paper makes it Clear that at All times it is a responsibility of government to give suitable encouragement and to see to it that conditions exist under which the initiative experience and resourcefulness of private Enterprise can be fully effective in providing a High and rising level of opportunities for employment. To obtain the maximum contribution from private Enterprise is a positive purpose it is not a do nothing policy. Provides the . Senate which has the constitutional function of advising and interpreting foreign policy with a direct share in peace making. The key opposition senator is senator Vander Berg the Michigan Republican who is going to san Francisco.-. Senator Vandenberg s remarks in the . Senate on april 9 Are an Omen of opposition support for the new foreign policy of the United states and As Well a heart ening declaration of american in Tention to secure a durable peace this time. The senator said this is probably one of my last opportunities to speak be fore a great adventure which Imp ends. I am leaving shortly for an unsought assignment at the san Francisco conference where organized humanity con fronts the grave responsibility of answering the yearnings of a War torn world prays in Many tongues at countless Hearthstone for a dependable formula that shall dissipate the Scourge of War forever. I Hope that the distinguished senator from Texas and i May be Able to bring Back to our colleagues at no too Distant Date a treaty of salvation which May deserve their approval in the name of enlightened american self interest and for the Sake of a happier world where peace with Justice May bless free men. De spite the obstacles which arise to jeopardize our course de spite temporary discouragements which fade in Potency when weighed against the mighty end in View we must persevere for organized peace. I could not leave without this pledge to you that i shall devote every Effort within my Power to reach this precious goal for which our bravest Soldier sons have died All round this sorrowing Globe. I could not leave without asking for your constant the turning of the screw Dumbarton debate the voice of experience by Grant Dexter. O Ottawa the argument against the single voice theory of Commonwealth relations advanced in the Dumbarton Oaks debate by conservative members was this the Commonwealth never has been and cannot become a single entity in International affairs. To bring about a single voice All the constitutional Progress made by Canada and the other dominions in the past Quarter Century would have to be wiped out. In the main the Case against the single voice was put by or. King or. Crerar and or. Claxton. Or. King or. Claxton dealt largely with the constitutional aspects of the matter. Or. Crerar Drew on his memory of the Days when sir Robert Borden was achieving Canadian autonomy. A a head quart How to end the War ers april 20. Special in the prison Camps it is impossible to ignore the Many stories that have now been circulating for some time about the organization of our prison Camps where German captives Are held by Tough and irreconcilable nazis. One Case in the United states was so bail that a Camp committee of these Young hoodlums actually came to the Camp commandant and asked for per Mission to execute two of their fellow prisoners for being disloyal to Hitler. Other cases have come to Light in the executions took place without permission being asked. Proof of the crime was impossible. The men were found dead that was All. The Central european observer sets Forth some of the techniques employed. The Young nazi party members get themselves through their Energy and initiative elected to the Camp committee. They then Institute their own organization. They make sure that German radio broadcasts Are listened to the prisoners mail passes through their own censorship before reaching the Camp s organization. They compile dossiers on their fellow prisoners who Are anti nazi and threaten reprisals against their families after the War. They com pile blacklists. Courts of Honor Are set up to discipline prisoners and so on. Obviously not enough has been done by the authorities to try and segregate the prisoners in each Camp. The old stupid system we saw in the Canadian prison and internment Camps of 1940 is still largely in being one in which the captors went on the Assumption that All germans were nazis regardless of their records and the fact that Many Well known anti 1vj observers on this Side of the world Are inclined to the View that since there is no sign of a major surrender from a High level then the Only alternative to terminate the contest is to Tell the nazis the end has come. One British commentator puts it this Way after the fall of Berlin the allies will decide if Germany s organized military resistance has ended. Once this is settled the allies will Issue a proclamation stating that Germany s resist Ance is at an end. All outlying German forces will be dealt with the do not sur Render they will be dealt with another View is just to Tell them they Are beaten and if they Don t throw in the Towel then shoot them on sight. Actually that is the Way wars have always been run and there s nothing new about issuing an ultimatum to a beleaguered Garrison to a Iii or else. The pattern would appear to be that having reached the present stage in which the Western allies control nearly half of the old pre 1938 Germany with the country practically sliced in two with resistance reduced to Twenty pockets with major fronts gone and no Chance of co ordination of nazi defences then the last ditch Garri sons would be bombed and bombarded into horizontal submission such As was the Fate at be Havre Boulogne Calais and so Many other such places. That May indeed be the Fate of nazi forces left in Norway Den Mark the Balkans Czechoslovakia by j. A. M. Cook within the area controlled by oui treatment Only we might get very military government though Many Plain about our intentions and say Large cities Are still on the nazi in Advance How Many bombers we Side. Were going to Send Over Bremen prisoners have been streaming or Hamburg at such and such a in at such a rate that it is difficult time so As to give the germans a to keep a tally. There were a Chance to save what is left of their million in the West up to March 1, cities if they so wish another third of a million in it would simply be a 1945 ver Sion of the old time table of War m the first two weeks of april. The prisoner tally for nearly a year of invasion in the West is Over two million. The russians will probably be Able to duplicate that with More than a million taken earlier in the War so that a third of German manpower of military age is now in our. Hands. Our declaration would be phrased in such a manner that it could leave Little doubt of the Complete manner in which Central Europe had collapsed that there was no alternative but for the last soldiers to quit. Summary treatment would simply mean the old Channel intentions publicized for the germans in Advance. Clearly it is not our present intention to create More rubbish in Central Europe unless the enemy insists on it but we cannot legally Stop the show now without our own soldiers laying Down their arms and we cannot Stop shooting until the last nazi is accounted for. Scripture my Days Are like a Shadow that de Lineth and i am withered like grass. But thou o lord Shalt endure Lor Ever and thy remembrance unto All generations. 102 11, 12. For canadians Only nazi refugees picked up by mis take in the Spring round up in just As it May be what s left for them in the major Mecklenberg pocket which includes Berlin and the most publicized Island that roughly takes in the bavarian mountains. Legally that would end the War. There can be at this time no simple declaration that we Are no longer at a state of War with Ger Many since that would mean cessation of hostilities with Allied soldiers stopping the shooting As Well which is apparently not what we intend to do. Britain in1 1940, were mixed in under the wire the minor fascist Powers of the Are scurrying to get under tiie wire and secure admission to the family of democratic nations Argentine at last has secured renewed diplomatic recognition from the government of the United states which in the words of or. Hull denounced it As a Friend of the Axis and the enemy of free Dom. The Argentine government is the same government which or. Hull refused to recognize but it has signed the agreement of Chapultepec it has accepted the conditions Laid Down by the other republics of North and South America and now in theory Only is cleansed and respectable. Across the Atlantic in the spiritual Home of Argentina the cheap Jack dictator Franco is be ginning to Fawn on the democracies after publicly praying for the Victory of the Axis. He begins by breaking diplomatic relations with Japan because the japanese Mas sacred some spaniards in Manila same Franco who has Mas sacred a substantial proportion of his own Spanish people. But he will hardly be in time to declare War on his old Friend Germany because there will soon be no Ger Many in a constitutional sense to declare War on. Franco is too late to get a seat at the san Francisco conference and probably Argentina is too late also despite its last minute haste. The peace Loving nations can do very Well without them until their people realize that they Are governed by the same forces that the allies Are now destroying in Europe and Asia. Vith the real nazi article. There is the making of trouble Here regardless of the stupidity which deprives the allies of the services of some prisoners who could be useful to them in the present phase of the War. Opposition in .a. In order to avoid the risk of rejection in the United states Senate of the peace treaties and International agreements flowing from the settlement world War ii such As befell president Wil son s policies in 1919, president Roosevelt took Senate leaders into the delegation which will represent the United states at san Francisco. This arrangement will Likely be followed in future inter National conferences As Well. It Wise polity from the Minneapolis Star journal while misguided Amateur strategists in the United states clamoured for russian participation in the War against Japan from Pearl Harbor Onward those responsible for ginning the global War never doubted that Russia served Overall american As Well As its own interests far More by devoting the great preponderance of its strength to the War against Germany. American British forces would not be where they Are today in Germany had Russia in 1942-3-4 been fighting Japan As Well As Germany. The american and British casualty lists probably would have been swollen by additional hundreds of thousands had Russia not been enabled to offer such undivided resistance to Ger Many during those years. Birthdays . Princess Elizabeth born London eng. April 21. 1926. Edgar Smith Glenboro Man. Born Nottingham. Eng. April 21, 1873 w. B. Simpson Winnipeg born Hamilton. Ont., april 22. 1877. A. S. Bardal Winnipeg born Pirn Geydar Suslu. Ice., april 22, 1866. Robert Murray. Metta Man. Born St. Syms . Sect. April 22.1852. David w. Bellhouse Winnipeg born Manchester eng., april 22, 1861. William n. Brown Winnipeg born Glasgow scot., april 21, ,1865. Hilek the sweep East from the Rhine in the past 25 Days has been one of the most sensational operations of the War there is still much to be revealed. Territorially we control every thing that has been revealed and probably some More so that even now the nazis themselves Are squeezed into isolated chunks rep resenting not More Man a third of the original Domain plus their remaining garrisons in occupied countries. Certainly at least half the Ger Man civilian population is now not Long since this newspaper protested with some vigor against the degree of racial discrimination that exists today in some quarters of the Canadian labor Market. The situation came to our attention As a result of the discovery that Young canadians after honorable and Gallant service in the armed forces had been turned Down for jobs off the Ludi Crous and ground that they bore non Anglo Saxon names. Why does this discrimination exist at least a partial explanation is Given by a correspondent who has written to us to Point out Jiow hard it is under existing Laws and symbols to become a Canadian looking up my passport i find that a . Immigration inspector has done More for me in that regard than the officials of my own country did or can do. He has generously conferred on me Canadian nationality and so designates it on the card he affixed to my passport. The Best my own country could do concerning my National status is to describe me As a British subject by birth my application for the passport made no refer ence to my Canadian extraction but merely indicates that i am a British subject and outlines three ways i May have got that Way. A perusal of our naturalization act indicates the same applicant can Ever become a Canadian under its provisions merely a British subject. If i am asked to describe my nationality in various offi Cial forms i am never permitted to use the word Canadian i am scotch now i like being scotch very much and in spite of the fact that my great grandparents settled in Dundas county about 1812, i and my children Are very conscious and Happy about that background but we want a great Deal More for All of us to be canadians and to have a Legal recognition of that our correspondent goes on to describe the various racial stocks that make up his Community in Manitoba. The Young men and women have joined up and the older people join in War Bond drives red Cross Campaign blood giving and the like they Are doing these things under the mistaken belief that they Are canadians and they Are entitled to be what they believe they Are. The rest of the world seems to think we Are a considerable people and that we have made quite a remark Able contribution to the world War Effort and we not As British subjects but As canadians in spite of the fact that there Are no such animals. We Are also due to do Many More creditable things and soon but we can never pull the Load of which we Are capable until we pull together As hyphenated canadians or Brit ish subjects but honest to god canadians taking with Legal recognition the name of the country in which we a r. King pointed out that the Commonwealth is not a nation but a fraternity of nations who Are by formal definition and Long practice autonomous com there had never been a serious attempt to make the Commonwealth a single personality. It had never been done in the league of nations or any of its subsidiary agencies and had never been suggested As applying in the inter governmental bodies created during the present War. We could not now said or. King turn Back upon our history. Why should the conservative party seek to undo the work of sir Rob Ert at the 1919 peace conference the work of the Imperial conferences of 1923 and 1926 and the statute of Westminster. The Commonwealth said or. King can and does reach agree ment As a general Rule on Broad lines of policy. The will to agree exists because All British nations cherish similar International ideals and purposes. But if by the adoption of a single voice the common wealth were to be faced with having to do by compulsion what is now done voluntarily the result would be different. Take the Security Council As an example. It is to be an executive body minded action. Under the single voice system the United kingdom would still hold the seat on this Council because the . Is a great Power and could not be expected to stand aside for one or other of the dominions. But the United kingdom representative would also have to be the spokesman under the single voice system of the Commonwealth. He would be receiving instructions from All the governments of the common wealth. On whose instructions would he speech dealing with an earlier attempt by new zealand to achieve the single voice. Present Day Brit ish statesmen had pointed out the impossibility of having a govern ment and referendum in lord Cranborne s phrase which would have to take a referendum of six governments before being Able to act and then perhaps being paralysed by conflicts of View. Or. Crerar recalled for the Bene fit of the conservative party the consideration Given by the boric a government of which he was a member to this question in 1918 19. Sir Robert had taken the Posi Tion and been supported wholeheartedly by his colleagues that it would be intolerable if the dominions which numbered their War dead by the Hundred thou Sand should stand outside the Council chamber of the peace con Ference. The Advance to National recognition had been rough and thorny and was Only achieved by unfaltering persistence and unceasing these were direct quotations from sir Robert. And then came the clincher. As has been shown the desire for a single Commonwealth voice among the conservatives Springs out of twin fears. The conservatives fear that the big three will compete not co operate and therefore they want to bulk the dominions in with the United kingdom so that the . S hand May be strength ened against the other two. Also they fear that unless Canada is tied tightly to the apron strings of the United kingdom there May be a disagreement in policy be tween this country and the United kingdom. Or. Crerar dealt with this by Reading the following extract from sir Robert Borden s memoirs there was intense Surprise at Geneva with Many echoes abroad when Canadian delegates put for Ward views quite opposed to those of the British delegation in the first Assembly of the league of would he withhold action he had been instructed by is vigorous Good sense a in All this and it must be one of the strange causes of confusion about the nature and the strength unfinished portrait by Myka Lazeczko in memory of Franklin Delano Roosevelt president the United states of America artist s final Brush stroke poised mid air a in a Brief stricken with the sound of a Cane fallen sudden to the ground while the world going on All unaware each his own Way impatiently along keeping step with the milling Dusty throng drowned out the whispers of his last heart beat beneath the echoes of a million feet. Listen. Those footsteps of a million men crowd out the Roar of guns to Rise again above the Tumuli of a world at War the tap tap of the housewife s heels that Mark a lowered shutter drawn Down after dark a service Star Hung in the window Bright keeping a Vigil through the lonely night. The heavy booted Steps on Frozen ground that stagger with fatigue As Weimar bound they push their Way into unconquered land through slush and into Berlin s deep. Core. The tiny scuffing footsteps of the child. Who someday will be taught to understand the Faith of Freedom pure and the glory of american belief. These Are the footsteps of a million men whose hearts will ache with poignant loss and grief remembering How in time of stress and need he had the spirit and the will to Lead unto the end he firmly Clung his great Trust. To take the Challenge Flung leaving to them As he passed from this world the Flag he loved still flowing free unfurled. Of the British Commonwealth of nations both at Home and abroad that the uncertainties referred to Here have not been cleared up years ago. At Home a dwindling and fanatical band of canadians scream with anguish at any suggestion that we should have for instance either a National Flag or a National Anthem. This they de Clare would spell the end of the British Empire whatever they mean by that. The free association of the Commonwealth countries would be strengthened not weak ened by every move which would assist the citizens of each such country to create inside their Borders a healthy sense of comradeship with their own people. Abroad the citizens of foreign nations gaze with wonder upon a Canada which refuses to provide herself with the Normal symbols of nationhood and the More Mali Cious among them twist and Dis tort that fact into a grotesque argument about the nature of the British Empire creates real and continuing difficulty in All International negotiations. Anal when piled on top of this a heroic Young Canadian whose act until half a dozen governments what would he do if the instructions were in conflict should he follow the majority opinion even if it was opposed by the government parliament and people in one or More of the Commonwealth nations at Best action would be delayed and blurred. At worst the com Rio wealth would become impotent or perhaps disrupted. R. Claxton dealt with the same Point but in a different Way. He showed by quotation from British statesmen that the govern ment of the United kingdom insisted upon Freedom to act for itself. If the dominions cared to tag along Well and Good. But so far As the United kingdom is concerned the voice must be the voice of the British not of the Commonwealth. The quotation Here was from or. Asquith in a conservatives had no Al answer to these observations of their former Leader. There was however one aspect of this single voice controversy which received no mention in the debate. Or. King seemed to regard the intrusion of the single voice theory As factious. He evidently did not believe that the conserva Tives meant what Urey were say ing but rather were intent Only upon making it appear As if the government is unfriendly to the rest of the Commonwealth. Hon. He said would throw All that the achievement of nationhood away for the Sake of having it appear that in some Way this government is lukewarm to the Commonwealth. They would undo All this work in seeking to do injury to the he emphasized that the Commonwealth has had no difficulty in collaborating and that All the self governing nations ol1 the family were pursuing and would continue to pursue the same Broad objectives. He cited this War As proof of what free Peoples freely associated could do in a common cause. But he did not argue the obvious Point that six governments each of them with world wide relation ships could do far More to attain common purposes by acting separately and individually than they could As a single entity. Their in fluence was multiplied by reason of. Their individuality. Far from being a cause of weakness the autonomy of the British nations is a source of. Greater strength. The last of five articles social science research name is Schmidt let us say in Stead of Smith returns from 30 to 60 operational enemy country to find some ignorant employer asking him if he is a the thing stops being funny it is disgraceful. Canadian social science research Council has through out the past year been working on its Job of increasing inter Corn Mun cation and Solidarity in Cana Dian part of that work was in the carrying on of a detailed study o the Canadian Northland. Two o these Survey reports that of or Andrew Moore on education in the Mackenzie Region and of or. G f wherrett on tuberculosis in the same District have been published five Are coming up that of prof Griffith Taylor on the geography of the North prof. C. A. Dawson on its sociology prof. H. W Hewetson on transportation prof. B. W. Currie on the meteorological problems of the Arctic and in the Eastern Arctic t. H. Manning on the conservation of wild life particularly of the Cari Bou prof. E. L. Bruce on mineralogy and prof. Pierre Dagenais on the population in the Hudson Bay Region. Investigation of the social credit movement is the second major project which is under Way. This will be concerned with the background of the movement As Well As its Alberta manifestations. Among the minor efforts is one dealing with Post graduate train ing in Canadian universities one a Survey of provincial sources of maps one on research facilities and libraries. In this latter Divi Sion copyright of books is being discussed with the statement that a major study by a senior economist on All aspects of the Book Trade is the final the Council publication assistance including last year British colonial Theo Ries 1570 to by Klaus e. Knorr Stanford sir Francis Hincks by t. F. Mall wraith University of and sir. George Simpson by a. S. Morton University of Sas Katche acknowledgement is made to the Rockefeller foundation which has renewed its Grant to the Council. Fast movers from the Timmins Advt Eccl the question is often asked these Days has Mitch Hepburn Many anyone following that gentleman would need commando Able to travel fast and turn in the air at slightest Provo action ;