Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - September 03, 1948, Winnipeg, Manitoba Freedom of Trade Liberty of religion Equality of civil rights printed and published Winnipeg free press company limited. 30o Carlton Winnipeg Manitoba., authorized As second class matter by the. Post Ollice deportment Ottawa. Victor Sifton. Grant Dexter publisher. Executive editor. We. Lord Bruce Hitchison general manager. Associate editor. Winnipeg Friday septembers 1948 the government must act r according to the reliable Canadian press the Legal experts of the Justice department have advised the Federal government that it has no Power to establish a Royal commis Sion which could consider the present discriminatory freight rate Structure of Canada. The text of the experts advice has not been published and perhaps will not be published. It is to be assumed however that the experts hold there could hardly be any other reason for their finding that since parliament has delegated to the transport Board the Power to fix freight rates the inquiries act does not enable the govern ment to set up any new investigating body which could con Sider freight rates. The soundness of this opinion cannot be properly considered unless its actual text is available. The Public has Only the general conclusion that a Royal commission cannot be established under existing legislation. There May be in the experts opinion Many Complex Legal Points which would throw a new Light on the whole question. But two Points will be noted by the Layman. The first As pointed out by or. Garson is that the government of Canada on november 20, 1931, appointed the Duff commission to inquire into the whole problem of transportation in and this commission did report on freight rates generally and on discriminatory rates in particular. It did not appear to be seriously circumscribed by any Legal technicalities. Nor did the previous Drayton commission. The second Point is that the present opinion against a Royal com Mission is framed by the officials of a government which itself has strenuously opposed the establishment of such a commission. The Steps which have led up to the latest development want com in the freight rate struggle should be recalled before the government s next move is considered. A a a on March 30 last the transport Board granted the rail ways an increase of 21 per cent in their existing rates. Seven provincial governments All governments except those of Quebec and Ontario which Benefit by existing rate disc rim gave notice that they woul Appeal the transport Board s decision to the Cabinet As the Law permits. On july 1 or. King wrote to the seven premiers to say that certain minor adjustments had been made by the rail ways in the new rates to Benefit the consumer and that the transport Board with a new chairman had undertaken a general investigation into inequalities in freight rates in can that is to say the same authority which had constructed the new and discriminatory rates was asked to review them though it was still bound by the decision it had Al ready made and was thus an interested party in the whole dispute. Refusing to accept this obviously unsatisfactory state ment by the prime minister the seven provincial premiers appeared before the Cabinet on july 20 and stated that the transport Board had completely lost the Confidence of the Public and could not satisfactorily conduct an inquiry into the discriminatory freight rate Structure which it had itself created. The premiers asked for the appointment of a Royal com Mission with wide Powers to study the entire rate situation. Failing that the premiers would exercise their right under the railway act to proceed with their intended Appeal to the Cabinet from the transport Board s latest ruling. They also asked for a stay in further increases in rates which the railways already demanding. A a there was no reply from the Federal government but it became Clear that the government had no intention of appointing a Royal commission. However the government asked its Law officers to advise it whether it actually had Power to appoint such a commission. A few weeks after the provincial premiers had failed to obtain any assurances from the government the Liberal convention Over the vigorous opposition of the Cabinet members in the resolutions committee unanimously passed a Resolution demanding the appointment of the Royal commission desired by the seven provinces. There the matter stood until this week when it was re ported that the Law officers had found the government with out authority to establish the Royal commission. But the matter cannot stand there Long. The opinion of the Law officers actually settles nothing i and cannot for a moment excuse the government Froni fur j ther action to secure a full consideration of the whole trans port problem. While the government fails to act. The discrimination in freight rates continues and every Day costs the Consumers and exporters of Western Canada., huge sums of Money. At the same time the railways Are pressing upon the transport Board an application for a further 20 per cent. Increase in. Rates which if granted would make rates 45 per cent higher than they were on March 31. And the transport Board by the logic of its previous and wholly unsound decision is almost automatically bound Grant this second rate increase. Low the Defiance of the Public Wel fare. This would be a course on which the government unless it is Blind to considerations of prud ence As Well As Justice will not embark. The Harvest or. Swailes and communist support or. Donovan Swailes the . S Choice As candidate for mayor in the forthcoming civic elections has not yet said what he thinks about the warm offer of communist end ration in his bid to become the City s chief executive. A declaration by him of his attitude toward such support will be awaited with interest by a great Many Winnipeg citizens. One important group who. Will want to know soon where he stands is the Trade unions. Or. Swailes has Long been prominent in the Trade Union movement in this City and normally might be expected to receive a Good of support from Union membership. The principal Trade unions Are at present cleaning following their declared policy of ousting communists from leadership in their organizations. Logically they will want a clean Cut declaration from or. Swailes on where he. Stands. Does he or does. He not want communist end oration and there Are also Many . Sympathizers who want nothing to do with communists. They also will wish to know where the . Candidate for mayor stands. In the 1946 mayoralty contest when or. Montague israels was . Candidate the communists hedged on the question of giving him their support. Some of their speakers said during the Campaign that they had no quarrel with mayor Coulter who had been fair to this is perhaps As far As any of the faithful could be expected to go in endorsing a capitalist candidate. Now the line has changed and the communists want to Back the candidate. The rebel defeat death of a great historian Charles a. Beard the american historian who has died at the age of 75, was a mixture of intellectual liberalism and emotional Pervers Ity. From the moment he Endang ered academic career in the first world War by opposing restrictions on professors at Colum Bia University Freedom was part of his being. Yet he was also a stubborn and quarrelsome Isol or. King s statement 0 Ottawa by c. A. B. Uncertainty sur times like the 6224 photo try Anthony Blicq. Rounding the exact Date when it. Hon. W. L. Mackenzie King intends to resign As prime Canada resides in the various declarations or. King has made in the House of commons at the Liberal National convention to his personal a n a the latest formal statement to the press a Brief review of the prime min ister s utterances reveals the apparent decision of or. King not to be specific on. The subject. On june 30, last in the evening of prorogation of the House or. King said when i will give up the office of prime minister will depend upon circumstances that May exist a1 that time and in the immediate future. In addition to other things it will depend upon the wishes of whoever May be chosen to succeed me in the leadership of the party and what May Best suit his last session Success in greece1 two events the split be tween Tito and the comin form and the defeat of general Markos before mount Elevi Tsa May give Greece her first respite from Large scale fighting since Mussolini s ill starred adventure in 1941. Of the two the continuing Dis Pute Between Belgrade and the Kremlin is probably More import ant for it was Yugoslavia assisted by Albania and Bulgaria which kept general Markos and his guerrilla army supplied during the three years since the first com rebellion of december Ati Onist to the Day of his death his last Book being a rather shabby attack on Roosevelt s foreign pol icy. Despite his. Vast learning he was obsessed by the fallacy that the United states could safely be an Island of Freedom in. An encircling sea of tyranny. It is to be hoped that this particular Brand of american scholarship will be buried in the same grave with professor Beard. The next great contradiction was that professor Beard who made his reputation by searching out the economic origins of the american Constitution and by stressing impersonal forces rather than the spiritual values at the heart of democratic Faith lived to dread the Power of the machine age and to write eloquently about the need for a. Moral revival. A searching often incisive critic Monist 1944. Were this support still solid mar Kos could continue the fight at least in the form of Border raids across Northern Greece. But with Yugoslavia Busy with the comin form and with Bulgaria and Al Bania Busy with Yugoslavia the Back Bone of support for the greek guerrillas seems to have snapped at mount Elevi Tsa where the last real organized resistance was suppressed in August and from where the greek communist believed to have fled into Albania. If. Peace at last comes to Greece and it will come Only Over the jest efforts of Moscow then conditions will have been established for the thorough reforms which arc necessary before the. Restora Tion of a functioning Economy can be achieved. Since 1946, the financial Sib a rest in his work As chronicler of the Rise and growth of american civilization. His achievement is memorable and outstanding but his rank As an historian would be More secure if he had. Been less willing to yield to the political controversies of his age. The government therefore must do one of three things. It May refuse to take any action at All and allow the trans port Board to proceed on the basis of its former decision to increase rates and increase discrimination in the process. It May ask parliament at the first Opportunity to pass new legislation under which a Royal commission can be established and can Start work Early in the new year. Failing that it will itself have to hear the Appeal of the seven provinces against the transport Board s former decision. In that event it will have itself to Settle the vast and com plex questions which Are involved in a revision of the rate Structure a method which would make the rate dispute a dispute Between governments and thus make it a political Issue of first magnitude. The government s Wise course and Only just course will be to arrange for the appointment of a Royal commission under new legislation and to announce immediately that it will so do. But having committed itself to the investigation of the rate Structure it should indicate clearly to the trans port Board that the Board should not consider any further rate increases until the Royal commission has reported. In any event the government is bound to clarify its intentions without further delay. In deciding its policy it must consider first that seven provinces All parts of Canada but Ontario and Quebec Are standing solidly together in opposition to the rate increases already Given to any further in creases andr to the present discriminatory features of the rate and second that the Liberal party unanimously has insisted on the appointment of the Royal commission desired by the seven provinces. By longer resisting the demands of seven provinces and the Liberal party the government would be resisting the principles of equity and the unmistakable needs of the nation. It would be perpetuating the present rate discrimination against a Large part of Canada. It would Tion. In Greece has been Desper ate. Unn Rajail which had helped to maintain a population. Unable to feed itself or import the Nec Essary foods ceased in that year. Normally Greece paid for its imports by a. Small but steady Export Trade by the earnings of the Creek merchant Marine and by remittances from the Many greek emigrants abroad. ruined Trade and destroyed a Large portion of the greek merchant shipping. Remittances from abroad virtually ceased. By february 1947, the greek government plagued by. The mounting costs of civil War and by widespread corruption within its own had Only sufficient dollars or Sterling to pay for a few months imports. . Takes Over at this Point the British government itself in the grip of a financial crisis announced it could not afford to continue its Aid to Greece the United states took Over and a million loan was made available to that country and Turkey. In August the United states Mission sent to advise the government arrived and from that time on the offensive against the rebels was stepped up with renewed momentum. Much has been written in criticism of the greek govern ment but the fronting it have been greater than those which have faced any other minorities Are alarmed special correspondence 0 Ottawa the Large and growing French Canadian minorities in the English speaking provinces outside of Quebec Are not at All Happy Over the Campaign of Premier Maurice Duples Sis and his Union National to strengthen and extend the political and economic isolation of. That of British policy Beard s Fame will province. There Are marked in veterans work to end War the opening Here .today., of the annual convention. Of the International War Veteran s Alliance has brought to Winnipeg some War veterans who to the principle of promoting world peace through International Friendship and understanding. These men Are from the West Ern Canadian provinces and the dictations that these minorities in the provinces of Alberta Saskatchewan Manitoba and the Mari times Are becoming alarmed at the rift which the Union National apparently is seeking to Widen be tween Quebec and the remainder of Canada. This View was recently expressed Here most forcibly by or. Louis Philippe a. Spokes Man for Manitoba at the first convention of the Canadian association of French speaking educators held last week end at the chateau Laurier. These educators met to study condition s under which the Central states Region where of the United the organization artist movement in Quebec Sejm declared was non extent. The province of Quebec he Aid merely wished no longer to e the Canadian y the British they become Republic and Quebec actually ties with the. Other provinces. Hon. Worrier Quebec pro Uncial Secretary was Host to the delegates at a banquet following heir meeting. Or. Cote in a Peech to the declared minorities in the prov nce of Quebec enjoyed a com lately status in school sub Idie s r and teaching programmes this alone or. Cote said should and would win the same kind of treatment to the French speaking minorities in the other provinces French language. 3s taught was first formed and the present membership is mainly drawn. But they Hope to extend the Alliance to All countries. They believe that the men who Are called on to fight wars and who the Large share of. The misery and brutality of should do every thing in their Power to prevent them and to secure lasting peace. One year they meet in Canada the next in the United states to elect officers Settle Points of policy and further. Plans for expansion. They Are corresponding. With Veteran s groups in Many lands and so far they report they have received rebuffs Only those countries where veterans Are not allowed to express opposition to War. But their policy is that the doors of their organization Are Al ways open to War veterans of. Any country who Are prepared to work in the eight English sneaking provinces of Canada. Representatives of the French Canadian minorities in the English speaking provinces strongly asserted their will to survive As French speaking canadians they expressed Strong misgivings of consequences tha might ensue in their province from the widely advertised autonomist politics of the Quebec gov eminent present line be inviting the Public Fol lasting peace it was declared or that if the present autonomist line of the Quebec government continued to be followed that similar tactics might b adopted in retaliation by the eng Lish speaking provinces. Eventually he said that would mean the sacrifice of from to 1 French canadians outside of Quebec. Or. Gagnon s fears were countered by brother Urban Marie president of the teaching Brothers Syndicate of Quebec. H depreciated the talk about a sep european government. Greece was Middle ground in the East West fight. It was a target for deter mined and armed communist penetration openly supported by neighbors with whom she was officially at. Peace and with whom she had been Allied. The Moscow assault towards the warm water of the Mediterranean was concentrated Here with a venom and Pertinacity which was not shown elsewhere. To ask Ern ment faced with such a task to proceed with Ordinary Reform would be asking much but to ask a greek government to do it against a background of repression dating far Back before the War was asking very nearly the impossible. Poverty corruption the natural anarchy of the greek tempera ment have combined to make the task of ruling Greece a desperate business. The communists already organized in an underground be fore had been riven there by. The Metaxas dictatorships became the natural a resistance move sent. Their record during the War was Ood. The British worked with Lem they were Well armed but hey have failed now despite the assistance Given them from outside. X Bevin Britain s foreign Secretary once answered a questioner who was attacking the methods of the greek government Ith the statement that it is not a what sort of elected government there is in coalition or whatever it might it is. A ruthless attempt constantly maintained to bring that country into the soviet orbit that attempt has added horror and destruction to and destruction jailed up on Greece by armies. Criticism. Of what As. Been. Done is. Easy. It is per from the Golden books teats thie pity of Fiove a pity beyond All telling is hid in the heart of love the Folk who Are buying and Selling the Clouds on their journey above the cold wet winds Ever blow ing and the shadowy Hazel Grove where mouse Gray Waters Are flowing threaten the head that i love. Today s scripture think not that i to Send peace on Earth i came not to Send but a sword. For i am come to set . At variance against his father and the daughter against her Mother and the daughter in Law against her Mother in Law. And s Joes shall be they of his own household. He that Loveth father and Mother More Tham me is not worthy of me. And he that Tabeth not his Cross and follow eth after me is not worthy of me. 10 34-38. Birthdays r. James Speers Winnipeg born Peel county 3, j882, or. King repeated that this would be the last session in which i would appear in this House As Leader of the government. It will that this state ment does not preclude his joining a Cabinet in a new administration. At the same time or. King recalled that on an occasion at tended by the press and Many members of the House he had said it might be two or three months after the convention before i would be giving up the position of or of the he further qualified that a moment later by remarking to the House How Long i shall continue to exercise it office of prime minister will As i have said depend upon circumstances which i shall have carefully to consider. These circumstances at present unknown will help to determine the advice i shall give to the or King repeated that much would de Pend upon the wishes of the new Leader and upon conditions tha May be existing in other parts o the world As Well As in our own in relation to great matter of stated consideration of which no prime minister dare shirk in Hansard june 30, 1948. Subsequently in the Liberal convention he said using much the same language with t. Few. Changes of words once a new Leader of the party has been chosen it is my intention to Confer with him As to the time at which All circumstances. Considered i should seek from his Excel Lency acceptance of my Resig nation As prime minister. Acceptance of my resignation carries with it of course the resignation of the entire ministry and involves the forma Tion of a new then or. King i am you will agree with me that at a time like the present this is not a step to be taken without due consideration of Many factors of in. Ter National As Well As National Sig again he repeated much would depend on the wishes of the new Leader and upon conditions exist ing in other parts of the world As Well As our Owin in relation to great matters of state consider Ion of which no prime minister would dare to shirk in times like he he repeated also what he had., said in. The House that i shall not be. Appearing n this House As Leader of the government at the next finally in his last state ment of August 25, the rime it will be re up Vise called said that he had consulted or. St. Laurent and. Other Rem Jers of the Cabinet that or. St. Laurent Felt he should Haye a Little More time to make preparations before becoming head of a new also that or. St. Laurent wished or. King to represent Canada at the meeting of prime ministers in London in october and also head the Cana Dian delegation at the Early ses Sions of the Assembly of the United nations in Paris the next month. A significant word perhaps occurred in the last paragraph when the prime minister said that while he was away or. St. Laurent would be acting prime minis Ter Anco that the consideration of All matters of policy and tha preparation of the session s pro gramme will be under his imme Diate aps More find alter natives. The test of Greece s capacity to cover is. Not what has happened n the past but what will happen n the future now that the communist threat has. Been at least temporarily scotched and a Send lao ice of peace restored to the and. Now is the Opportunity the first Eal Opportunity for the greek government to put in., effect the principles of democracy and jus ice to which it is pledged. The past perhaps can be excused. The Taire will have to be explained. Truman doctrine old Bird. Nests found professor Wardle of the University of Manitoba depart ment of requested the assistance of greater Winnipeg readers. Of this column in an. Important line of research that s being. Conducted at the University laboratories. The question has Arisen As to the role that Bird mites play Jin the life histories of certain organisms and professor Wardle desires to learn first occur in old nests after the Breeding sea Sun in this climate second if they do do they Winter successfully and Are they capable of infesting Young Birds the following season and third what part if any do Bird mites enact in. The particular life Puzzle the investigators Are trying to unravel. Of b. A. Chief Natura list of ducks was received that a pair of whooping cranes a Young one in 194s in North Eastern. Mani Toba and that two adults were seen almost daily in the same locality this Spring by. An. Indian. In the Island Lake District or. Cartwright together with Tommy Pineur Lamb famous entre of Canada s Northland what to do professor Wardle wants old the greek Success can be attributed not Only to her own of Orts but More to the expert military advice and almost unlit Ted Aid from. The. United states. When. President Truman announced the doctrine which bears his defence Greece and was attacked by communist sympathisers for opposing the steady March of rus Sia into the Mediterranean bases and later by the republicans be cause he was failing to Stop that March.1 even six months ago it was commonly believed in Washington arid president Truman tacitly admitted it in a statement to con Gress that american intervention in Greece had bogged Down and the. the. Communists difficult and per haps impossible task. But the tru Man. Doctrine seems to have succeeded in its first objective. American Power is still secure in the Northern flank of the Mediterranean the approaches to the Dardanelles. Nests of any kind from nesting does nests in andr about build nos and nests in Trees and shrubs near residences. Only nests of the past season Are required. If you Lave a Bird Box that was occupied by Birds of any kind last sum Mer please phone professor Wardle 41-586, and give him particulars. You Are requested not to touch the Box or nest professor Wardle will collect the nest him self in. A special Container. He does no i want the Bird Box. The same applies to other nests in or near residences and buildings Send particulars to professor Wardle University of Manitoba Winnipeg or phone. 41-586, and he will personally collect the rest nests outside greater Winnipeg Are not wanted in this preliminary study. Nesting be males a mystery the whooping cranes still re made an Aerial Survey in the lat Ter s private plane Over the entire District in. Late june but could find no Trace of the Birds. The territory surrounded by Miles Tundra like Muskeg. Looked Ideal for cranes stated or. The tree Ess bog permitting the. Birds see for Miles in. Any direction. Or. Lamb suggested that possibly the whoppers had heard the plane Long before the. Observers could have seen them and had flown away. He said he had known geese to be Isle that Way. Angus h. Shortt Winnipeg has drawn to our attention a boo Yby Bengt Berg to Africa migratory in which is a Superb set of photographs of a pair of european cranes that nested in the Depths of a flooded Forest in. Lapland. Is it Allred or. Shortt that our we loopers have changed their habits and taken to the safety of the Northern Forest for nesting watch for whooping cranes the illustration shows our three cranes the almost extinct White whopping Crane the Little Brown. Crane and. The common Sandhill Crane. The specimens were mounted in the shop of the late e. W. Darbey Winnipeg taxidermist Over 35 years ago. As they were photo graphed against a Grey Brick Wall Tain the r secret. For the fourth it to id our Jcj Tho hires outlines and their Coin summer the search Tor their nests by officials of the . Fish and the Birds outlines and their comparative sizes. This picture is be wildlife service National lived to be. Unique. Audubon society has resulted in failure to locate a single nest. This great White Bird that once roamed our Prairies in innumerable thousands. As the few remaining Birds now mostly Migrate through Saskatchewan the Hunt for their nests has been made chiefly in Northern Saskatchewan and the District of Mackenzie. It was therefore with unusual interest that the report tember 6th. If whooping cranes tall Birds with wide Black Wing tips flying with neck and head stretched straight ahead and Long 1 legs trailing Well beyond the tall by seen this fall please report with All particulars. Young whoppers Are White splashed with Rusty Brown. The usual labor Day trip to Vic Toria be made step ;