Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - August 10, 1949, Winnipeg, Manitoba Freedom of Trade Liberty of religion Equality of Gitl rights the watershed y the economic affairs of the free world Are moving fast toward a when the governments of the United states Britain and Canada meet in Washington at the first of september they will begin the repair of the world Economy or consign it to division arid futile struggle Between a Dollar and a Sterling bloc with Canada incidentally squeezed Between the two. I so far As the Public record shows no real plan for the solution of the world Trade crisis is ready for the september conference. All that the Public has been Given after the recent inconclusive London conference is a vague re assertion of Distant objectives so far More honoured in the the Observance convertible currencies multilateral Trade avoidance of discrimination full employment and no devaluation of Sterling. This has All been said before the Atlantic charter then in the lend lease agreements again in the terms of the United states loan to Britain and later in the Geneva Trade agreements. But More and More the eterling countries have moved in an opposite direction. Ciecir decisions have so far been avoided. The world econ omy has staggered Forward or backward and at All events has managed to live very largely on the Aid of the United states. But now the hour of decision approaches. It can hardly delayed beyond the Washington conference because even a United states Aid is proving inadequate to maintain Britain and new seller s Market throughout the world. So serious deterioration of the last few months since Europe s America declined sharply that new remedies Trust be devised without further delay. Y y a it is easier to see the consequences of failure at the Washington conference than to draw a blueprint for Success. Other solution is devised the immediate result is Likely to be a final Retreat. By Britain and its Sterling partners into an ironclad trading bloc from which the goods iof the United states and. Canada will be excluded to the utmost. This movement already has gone a Long Way with the recent drastic cuts in exports of goods from America to Europe but it could go much further if no alternative is available. The present purchases by. The Sterling countries Here could be curtailed and will have to be curtailed drastic ally in any Case at the end of the Marshall plan unless in the meantime the Sterling countries acquire More dollars by Tome other method. Under such conditions the world would be split Between Hollar and Sterling blocs which would do a minimum of business with one another. The Acon Mic results especially Ifor Canada which requires markets in both areas would be serious enough. The political. Results in dividing the free Jav old and engendering friction Between the partners of the North Atlantic pact could be much worse. No real solution is to be found in any such storm cellar Retreat. The Sterling bloc trading exclusively among its Triem cers on a barter basis might seem to thrive at first but would soon fall to pieces As one by one the participants tired of Belling to Britain at Low prices and buying at High sought escape from this Sterling Cage. Moreover if the Sterling area s discrimination against United states goods proved they would have to be severe to make the scheme even seem to United states would certainly retaliate and with its economic Power could bring the whole Structure Down in ruins overnight. In the meantime if such a process were attempted the situation of Canada would be grave in the extreme. We would lose most of our overseas markets which Are vital to our Prosperity and might become almost entirely dependent on a single Market the United states. While the development of that Market obviously must be the first priority of immediate Canadian policy we require above All a multilateral world can sell and buy freely As possible if All our exports to find profitable markets a world split completely Between the Dollar and the Pound spells Only Pov erty for Canada. The of such a situation to All concerned Are so obvious that the nations conferring in Washington May be to do everything in their Power to avoid them. This at Best will be a Complex and Gigantic task requiring the full co operation of the Sterling and Dollar countries. On the one. Hand it will be necessary for the Sterling countries to begin As they have not yet begun to reduce the Price of their exports so that they May be sold abundantly in the Dollar countries in return for North american imports and this in turn must compel the British government the Leader of the Sterling area to revise downward for a time anyway some of its internal plans of social Reform and to accept because it is unavoidable a further fall in the stand Ard of living. On the other hand the plight of Britain and the other. Sterling countries is so desperate that it cannot be remedied quickly and will require still further Aid from the Dollar tons Alberta and Manitoba Canada s estimated tons for 1949 is 42 per cent better than 1948, and 39 per cent better than the 1939-48 average. German refugees Western Germany is still being called upon to absorb Refu gees a month from the zones in Eastern Germany under the control of Russia. In some weeks As Many As refugees pour into the Western sector of Berlin alone. There Are now about nine million refugees in Western Germany. It is quite Correct of course to say that this flight from rus Sian Rule is an indictment of the misery and tyranny on which russian policy rests. But that does not Lessen the problem these refugees present to Western Ger Many. The situation in Berlin is More acute than in other parts of West Ern Germany where the process of economic revival has set a much swifter Pace. Some 30 per cent of the two. Million people now in Western Berlin Are with out steady employment. Yet Berlin continues to be one of the first Points of Call for refugees from the Eastern zones. Without ration cards or work afraid of police for fear of be ing sent Back to the russian zone thousands these refugees live by Odd jobs or. On the precarious Charity of a German population that itself has Little to spare. In these conditions their influence on the life of Western Germany cannot help but be a sullen one. Some Day it May become subversive. The political and economic strength of Western Germany can not be secure while this stagnant Pool of human misery is at its foundations. Closing the Frontier As German authorities now suggest is no sol ution. For one thing it would be hard to enforce this decision hard to keep refugees from smuggling themselves across even a closed Frontier. Nor would anyone wish to change the present Rule which allows a refugee to stay in West Ern Germany if he can show he s in danger of persecution at. Russian hands. A considerable percentage might Well show cause to remain on the strength of this humane provision alone. Finally the concept of denying Asylum to refugees is repugnant to democratic traditions and in the words of the Manchester guardian the soul of Western Europe would suffer from such an act even if it seemed to be called for and administrative clearly Western Germany by it self cannot to absorb nine million refugees. Other nations of Wheato Canada should be one must help. The sooner some thing is done to Lessen this human suffering the greater will be the chances of Success for the political experiments now proceeding in Germany. Winnipeg wednesday August 10, 1949 -1 the fowl printed and published Tan pm free press company limited Sot cat Winnipeg Manitoba. Authorized Ai second clan Nutter by the Post Olce department Ottawa Victor Grant Dexter t publisher. Vim. Loud Genera successful Hopper War of the notable achieve ments in the Prairie prov inces this year has been the successful War waged on Grasshoppers with the saving of millions of Dol Lars Worth of crop that these voracious pests would otherwise hav destroyed. This year the threat was ered worse in any year sine the mid thirties Manitoba s infested area was the red River Valley and reaching West and North the whole Brandon area and extend ing South West. In Saskatchewan pests were fairly Genera throughout the Central and West Ern farming area. Alberta s wors areas were South and South East with moderate infestation North o lesson in Canadian defence exercise Eagle Wise Compromise in order to save the main principles of the arms programme Foi Western Europe president tru Man has decided to accept some of the Senate amendments. The principal change in the new Jill is removes the pres Dent s discretionary Powers by which it was charged he could subvert the Constitution and Send american troops wherever he wished. Even a senator with the Eagle Canada s largest peacetime military exercise has ended with several Les sons Learned and the problem of containing an enemy sortie in can Ada s Northland established with All its difficulties. It would not be easy to defend the North even against a diversion Ary raid. But the important fact n a War is that the enemy should not be allowed to exploit the Nuis Ance value of such an. Attack by forcing the defence to allocate against him too much of the strength which would be needed elsewhere. There is always the temptation pushed on by popular clamor to Grant too much importance to raids which of themselves can have Little effect in the Over All Progress of a War. Flutter caused by few shells the lobbing of a few shells on to the West coast in the last War caused a flutter far beyond the possible result of such a bombard ment. And in the next with the enemy so to speak across the Hump from this country the ten Dency to put far too much in preventing or liquidating any sea detachments which might be Lande in the far North will be great in deed. The last War showed however what is required to land forces on enemy territory in sufficient num Bers and strength to make them threat. Nor is ajar against the soviet Union one should come going to be won in the barrens o the Arctic. It will be won in Europe or Asia j to v it the exercise was still Valu Able. It provided a first Clas Opportunity for staff work. It gave Canada s first permanent air borne battalion a notable experience in the Type of work which it migh easily meet in the first Days of a War and provided a sound Opportunity for co operation Between the army and air Force. The More such exercises the ser vices can do together the better off the country s defence will be when the time for practice is Over the. Basis of the scheme was the dislodging of an enemy Force which had seized a strategic Point in the North. The area of. The exercise b countries. It will be useless to ask the Sterling countries of senator Landenberg to avoid the final plunge into an exclusive trading bloc was found echoing this criticism the Dollar countries Are prepared to offer them Means Phich could be justified Only by a of escaping it it is equally True in practical politics that the Dollar countries will not he ready to offer this Aid on a sufficient scale unless they Are assured that the Sterling countries actually intend to work toward and not away from multilateral and non discriminatory Trade. The bargain must if it is to indeed it is to be under taken at All. Because they alone possess sufficient economic strength the Dollar countries should take the initiative at Washington. They must be ready to the extent of their re sources to provide economic Aid to the Sterling countries and above All they must make Clear their readiness As creditors to buy goods abroad on a larger scale than Ever before in return for the Sterling agreement to revise their discriminatory Trade policies As rapidly As possible. In such a pro sect Canada is compelled by its own interests if Tor no other Rea son to participate to the limit of its ability. Profitable crop an agricultural crop of Ever growing importance in Manitoba is sugar bests. This year there Are about acres being grown in the sugar beet area which extends roughly 50 to 60 Miles in each direction from Winnipeg. This is 50 per cent More than grown last year. It is estimated that with any sort of favourable growing weather tons produced which is Al most double the amount produced Here on average in the War years. The sugar yield on this tonnage it has been estimated May be about 30 million pounds. Farmers Are receiving per ton at fort Garry which if the ton crop is realized will add to farm income from this source. In order to further increase acre yields experiments with Over head have been carried on this year both along the redi but or. Truman has sited wisely in abandoning a controversy which he could not Hope to win with the Senate in its pres ent mood. The important thing is to get the arms programme work ing not to insist on every detail As arranged by the White House and the state depart met. Some Compromise clearly was needed and president Truman showed courage in taking the initiative and stripping himself of Powers which had proved distaste Ful to Congress. The new Bill has surrendered no essential principle. Western eur Ope still awaits passage if the arms programme As a sign that the uni Ted states really will carry out the obligations of the at Sintic pact. Members of Congress who vote against this measure in the face of the state department s insist River water for spraying. On just what increase this Morf intensive culture has brought about will not be available until the cur rent crop is disposed of. Increased development of this sugar beet crop is not of course confined to Manitoba. Canada expects the largest yield of sugar beets in its history this year. Cur rent estimates place the 1949 crop at tons. There Are four sugar beet provinces and the Esti mated 1949 production is As follows 1948 yields in Ontario till Harvest there will be about is tons Quebec and Assiniboine Rivers using the ence that it is essential to the cause of peace will incur a heavy responsibility not Only before his Ory but in the immediate setting of american Security. Birthdays Sidney g. Davis Melita Man. Born Lennox county out. Aug. 10, 1864. Robert h. Mooney m.l.a., Virden Man. Born Wingham ont., aug. 10, 1873. James h. Monnington Neepawa Man. Born Isle of Man aug. 10, 1858. John a Leamen Winnipeg born Toronto ont aug. 10, 1875. G. M. Bolton Rossburn Man. Born Petrolia ont aug. 10. 1869. A girls and gangs from saturday night Toronto Man who has had jihad no qualms about treating Triem considerable experience in try ing to lure Youthful gangs away from they gang warfare without much Success said the other Daj that the chief reason for the gang fighting was that the girl members or followers of liked it. This theory is certainly supported by the behaviour of these Young ladies on the occasions when the fighting is in Progress. It is also in full Accord with what is known of adolescent psychology which tells us that at that stage of the life of a Young person the admiration of a member or Mem Bers of the opposite sex is the most indispensable ingredient of Happi Ess. When admiration can be Pur chased by the simple method of Gong about in groups of eight or ten and beating up Motorman or elderly bystanders it is not surprising that some youngsters Are willing so to Purchase it we do not think this phenomenon is nearly As new As people sup pose. What is new about it is the socioeconomic level at which it Low emerges. There have always been Tough girls and they always went around with and generously encouraged Tough boys. But in the old Days they definitely belonged to and associated with the Ess than respectable classes. Slim education their education never continued beyond the compulsory age limit f indeed they did not manage to escape even before that time. They had practically no source of in come except from criminal or anti social practices and were consequently always under the watch Ful Aye of police and society. Pretty rigorously when their be Haylor got them into the courts. Today with full employment and a general continuation of education up to Junior matriculation these girls Are often members of families with comfortable incomes and themselves attend school up to seventeen or eighteen and Are in distinguishable to the outward Eye from the rest of the school popu lation. Low moral level a recent list of names and addresses to six youths and three girls who. Were arrested for tres passing in a barn North of Tor onto where they had spent the night showed that half of. Them came from Homes with Telephone numbers and situated in pleasant streets in a prosperous suburb. The theory that a. Decent level of income will automatically pro Duce .1 decent level of behaviour is entirely without basis and what we Are now seeing is a Low level of moral concepts mostly the re sult of parental deficiencies in Young people who have Money enough to go to Public dances and run around in automobiles and who Are therefore supposed to have Money enough to be respect that which is really disturbing us is the fact that the Young females who urge their boyfriends on with cries of kick him in the Are now wearing the same kind of freshly laundered dresses As our own daughters and perhaps even speaking with the same accent but if we Are going to have economic equalization what else can expected embraced the first 30 Miles of the Alaska Highway a natural Point which an enemy might jump if he wanted to upset the morale of this continent in the end it was shown How difficult it would be to wipe out such forces without bringing to Bear a great Deal of manpower and equipment As Long As that was available during a War which it would not be in the first Days of hostilities the result of diverting this material would not be serious. It might Well be however if in Stead of men and materials moving overseas where the real fighting would be in Progress such ship ments were held up in order to Cope with a Northern raid. No serious threat to production an enemy Force in the Arctic Light be a sore prick to our Pride but it could not seriously threaten the production of War in Windsor Ontario or along the at Antic Seaboard. And although it might be possible after Many weeks to build up such an enemy striking Force in the North As could cause irritation much further South it would not even then throw any great weight on the course of i world conflict. this should detract from he Northern defence or or the experience which such Chemes provide but they should be kept always in their proper re action to a full blown War. The. Military forces of Edmonton. Practically a areas re ported Good kills. Judging by reports each prov nce is perfecting techniques for own local conditions. But in general the formula is the same. This turns on careful surveys Dur no the late summer. And All to locate and map areas of probable infestation for the next year. Then Well in Advance of the hatching season municipalities and Farmers Are briefed on local control meth ods and poisons Are strategically located to get the jump on the hoppers. The aim is to kill them As they Hatch or before they can do much damage. Two methods than necessary that whole Road allowances were Empie instead of egg infested areas alone being searched out. Or. H. E. Wood director of the Mani Toba Campaign has reported Good kills and Light Over All damage. Infested stubble methods Divide broadly into two spreading of poisoned bait by those Farmers not equipped to use chlordane Spray though some municipalities provided spraying and spraying. This is supplemented by cultural methods such As. Trap stripping summer Al Low to concentrate feeding areas and the application of Poison. Generally it has been found that chlordane Spray is easier to handle speedier in application and More deadly in effect when applied under conditions. Manitoba has swung pretty Well to the Spray method this year. But in Saskatchewan and Alberta poisoned bait is still extensively used. R to Manitoba a the a crop devel oped quickly and the hop pers did not Moye about much simplifying control practice. Also infestation was Patchy which in seme cases led to More spraying Saskatchewan too reports. Most successful Campaign Ever car ried out in that province. A soft was the sowing of much new crop on infested stubble instead of turning it to stripped and baited summer allow As recommended by the provincial department of agriculture. This Vas evidently due to the fact that armers desired to Cash in on pres ent relatively High wheat prices and would the other prov aces As Well though specially noted Only in the Saskatchewan comments. The effective Campaign in Ai Erta is attributed to an Early Start fish control methods increased ise of chlordane Spray better or animation of bait mixing stations lose supervision and watch for new outbreaks. There was also Reater use of cultural methods his year to supplement poisoning. A Lberta officials put on a special drive for bait strip no infested stubble which wag gun Early chlordane bait was sed exclusively Early in the sea son because there was not sufficient vegetation to Spray. Around the third week in june however there was an extensive switch from baiting to spraying and dusting. All provinces report that the main Factor in their Success this year was the better co operation of municipal officials and individual Farmers the work of the Jatter being regarded As the key Factor. They likewise report a continuing drive to catch hoppers now clip Ping Heads and on concentrations of hoppers now commencing to Lay eggs along roadsides Highlands and o on. From present signs All fear another heavy infestation in 1950. Federal entomologists in each province Are engaged in a prelim Inary count of the new crop of eggs. They will then re Check be fore mapping infested areas. Their maps will show severe heavy and Light concentrations As the foundation for next year s Campaign. Parliament s first session problems of Trade by a. I. O any country should be thoroughly fam liar with their own land and the problems posed by its defence. Dually it is of vital concern that hould fighting develop in the Orth our own forces would be at ome in the special conditions Here. M military bases like Churchill indicate that this is being one. Operation Muskox besides to value As a test for equipment a test on the effects of sex reme cold upon the fighting Man. It is equally important that can Diane generally should Al military nature of the North and should not exaggerate its Mil Ary possibilities. The North has of suddenly been tamed. It is still vicious and unknown territory has never yet been exploited n military terms. Ice Snow and of temperatures the great sweep no gales Areall there in the form filch has beaten Small parties me and again and presents new problems to the movement of huge Umbers of individuals. North regarded As natural Barrier if Canada regards her Orui Ern boundaries not As an pen doorway for the enemy but s Al natural Barrier which would Equire tremendous efforts to Over ome then our thinking come a would be much better adapted o meet such threats. A few men. In the Arctic a couple of bombs dropped on a Ity do not win or lose wars but hey can be Given an importance a. Beyond their scope1 if civilian Forries Are allowed to run wild. Against Canadian spending in the ., Canada s Reserve of Dol Lars Rose again to the High Point of millions As of March ,31, 1949. But gradual relaxation of the import bans brought about new expenditures in the ., especially for capital goods so that As of june 30, last the reserves had fal Len to millions including a million loan floated in the The Reserve figures Are issued quarterly. The government s Effort has been concentrated on trying to sell More Canadian goods in the To help hold the reserves and in this programme it has been successful. R Ottawa the forthcoming session of parliament is cer Tain to be marked by lengthy Dis Cussion of Trade and financial problems. The government s re port on Trade conditions and the state of the is eagerly awaited alike by parliament and the country especially since Gen eral conditions sharply since the last parliament was dissolved. The picture so far As Public documents reveal it. May of outlined As follows Canada s reserves of Dollars had dropped alarmingly during the last half of 1947 to Only 000. On november 17, 1947, the government imposed bans on a Long list of Imports As Well As travel in the Under the Impact of these prohibitions the first six months of 1947, prior imposition by Canada of import bans can Ada s exports United states totalled but in the from the Golden Bobec you say von by John Keats you say you love but with a smile cold As Sunrise in september As you were Saint cupid s nun and kept his weeks of Ember. O love me truly you say you when your lips Coral tinted teach no blesses More than Coral in. The. They never pout for 0 love me truly today s scripture whirlwind of the lord goeth Forth with fury a continuing whirlwind it shall fall with pain upon the head of the wicked. Jeremiah first of 1948, these ports Rose of an in crease of this increase of Canadian exports to the Was maintained during All 1948 with the result that whereas total Canadian exports to that country in 1947 were they Rose in All 1948 to an increase of but due to decrease of buying generally in they levelled off in the first six months of 1949 to an increase of Only Over the same six months of 1948. New decline this levelling off of our exports to the Coupled with an in crease of our imports from that country in the same period is responsible for the new decline in Canada s Dollar reserves. Canadian imports from the Rose from Between january and May 1948, to for the same six months in 1949, an increase of obviously the Only permanent remedy is to increase Canadian exports rather than fur ther ban Canadian imports from the the answer to that one is the answer to the ques Tion. Meantime Canada s Overall revenues Are falling due to the re to Active cuts made in income and excise taxes in the current budget which increases in corporation tax have failed to balance plus Steadi a increasing social service expenditures. The total Revenue of the government for the first Quarter of 1949. Was millions com pared to millions in Iii Quarter of 1948, a Revenue do crease of millions. Total expenditures for the first three months of 1949 were millions compared with Mil ions in the same Quarter of 1948, an increase of millions. Further imposition of expanded bans on imports from the United states to preserve Canada s Dollar serves would tend to reduce Canadian revenues further. This financial picture has to be borne strongly in mind by the government. In committing itself to further expenditures for hous ing health pensions Etc. For which heavy pressure already ii being exerted ;