Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - September 03, 1949, Winnipeg, Manitoba Freedom of Trade Liberty of religion Equality of civil rights and published the Winnipeg press company limited 30r. Car Tor Street. Winnipeg Manitoba. Authorized As second class matter by the Post office department. Ottawa Victor Sifton. Grant Dexter. Publisher. Editor. We. Lord. Bruce Hutchison. Genera manager. Associate editor Winnipeg saturday. September 3. 1949 i Nehru and the West the impending visit of or. Nehru to Washington will be an event worldwide importance both symbolically and practically. Or. Nehru comes to America As the greatest figure in Asia As the most influential Friend of the White races in the coloured world and of course As one of the finest characters of our times. His discussions with the United states govern ment symbolizes the attempt of the free nations of the occident and Orient to join together in the defence of their Freedom. In practical terms the Washington conference should be Able to discuss methods of strengthening the Economy of India through United states investment in it. India and its sister nation Pakistan by the size of their population if for no other reason must be a major Factor in world politics. Recent developments have made them one of the most vital areas in the present struggle for Power Between Russia and the West. Russia has captured the other great Asiatic nation China. India and Pakistan stand As the Only bulwark against the flow of russian Power throughout the rest of Asia. The defence line of the free world lies Here As surely As it lies Down the Centre of Europe. _ a through the far sighted statesmanship of Britain through the moderate policies of statesmen in India and Pakistan and very largely through or. Nehru s magnificent leadership the two Indian nations have lately succeeded in a task which seemed almost impossible a few years ago. They have secured their Freedom and yet they have remained within the Commonwealth. What is even More important they have remained the broader Community of. The free nations. They have turned to the West and not to Russia. This May Well prove to be one of the decisive turning Points in modern history. India has demanded and received its Independence but it looks to the Rich nations of the West for Aid in establishing an economic foundation under its new political Structure. Desperately poor in production but Rich in natural resources India requires capital to buy the engines of Industry. It needs All kinds of productive machinery railway equipment and. Undoubtedly military supplies. Already a substantial Quantity of these so called capital goods is moving into India. Canada for example is Selling locomotives there. The world Bank has provided a loan of s34 millions to India for the Purchase of railway equipment. But it is from Britain that India is securing most of its imports of All kinds and this is one of the major aspects of the British Dollar crisis. When the second world War began India was heavily in debt to Britain. During the War Britain bought largely from India and finally could not pay for All its Indian imports. As a result Britain emerged from the War owing India a huge debt. This is known technically As a Sterling balance in London. That is to say India has pounds Sterling to its credit in the Bank of England and can demand British goods for without offering Indian goods in return within limits fixed by negotiation Between the two governments. Thus Bri Tain is pouring into India enormous quantities of its manufactures without payment manufactures which otherwise might be offered in the Dollar countries for dollars or at least in other countries which would pay for them in goods. The Haemorrhage of so called unrequited exports to India has been one the most serious drains on the British Economy since the War. Kit be of incalculable Benefit to Britain therefore. If United states dollars were invested in India and Pakistan. Many of these dollars would be spent in Britain for British goods which otherwise would be shipped to India for nothing. It does not matter to Britain where dollars come from so Long As they can be used to buy goods in the Dollar countries. Dollars moving from the United states to India and Pakistan and hence to Britain would help to solve the British Dollar crisis just As surely As Marshall dollars moving directly across the Atlantic. But even if there were no Dollar emergency the strategic position of the Indian nations would compel the Western world to offer them the Means of economic strength which is essential to military strength. And even if there were no military emergency the Western world would be Blind not Only to its Mora obligations bit to its Long term interests if it failed cultivate the Friendship of the two free nations which so largely dominate the future of the Asiatic world. They offer us markets for our goods and valuable goods in return. They offer us the Chance to hold the last line of Freedom against communism in Asia. Above All they offer us the Opportunity of bridging the ancient Gap Between the White and coloured division in the human family which could become More dangerous in the future even than the menace of communism. The coalition the news that Manitoba s lib eral representatives in the House of commons or at least some of would Welcome a break up of the provincial coalition is really no news at All Federal politicians have always liked the idea of a administration in the prov Ince which they represent. But it should not be necessary to stress that Federal and provincial politics Are two entirely different animals. There need be no friction be cause an administration governing n province with definitely limited responsibilities is not of similar complexion to the senior body operating for the whole nation. Nor does a tie up Between the two necessarily ado1 anything to the efficiency of either. The Only concern Here in Mani Toba is what is Best for Manitoba has the coalition administration succeeded or has it not is there any reason to assume that this province would prefer an alternative the place to find this out is not among the Federal members of parliament in Ottawa. They have their own reasons for wanting a change. The information is Avail Able right Here in Manitoba from the men whose business As Mem Bers of the legislature it is to it now the feeling of the province. Only a few months ago an at tempt strongly backed by some Federal members of parliament was made to destroy the British Columbia coalition. At that time Premier Byron Johnson stood firm and proved his Point by an Over whelming end oration at the polls. There is no cause to believe hat the situation would be any differ ent in this province which has a car longer experience of Independent politics than British Columbia. Is Good to know what Mani Toba s Federal members think but a glance at the same Issue of this newspaper shows that there is go ing to be plenty for these same Federal members to do in Ottawa during the next few months with out having them interfering in provincial politics. Each to his Las will add to the efficiency of both. Caught out once again the tactical flip flops of communist leadership have caught lesser party faithful sympathizers in a condition of undress which to anyone else would be embarrassing. A few months ago following a Long period of communist activity the Canadian seamen s Union was suspended from membership in the trades and labor Congress of Canada by the executive of that organization. Since then the Union has loudly protested this executive action and promised repeatedly to fight for reinstatement on the of the Congress Conven Uon which is to open september 15 at Calgary. This week there arrived in Winnipeg. Complete with sound track or. Jack Shaw of Montreal chair Man of the c. S. Defence com Mittee. His announced intention he said was to raise funds from Winnipeg working men to help finance the c. S. A s deep sea strike which has now been in Progress for five months. He also repeated the . Denunciation of the Congress executive and reiterated the Union s de termination to fight the executive s suspension order at the coming convention. This Brave Promise had scarcely got into print when the and Secretary treasurer of the c. S. U., in a statement issued at Montreal made a Monkey of or. Shaw and his Promise. The two Union leaders or. Harry Davis or. T. G. Mcmanus announced that it withdrawn from the Congress. T by were taking this action they said for the welfare of their Union and the Congress Well. If the Issue were brought before the convention it would be certain to provoke serious division in the ranks of organized labor. Rather than do this the Union would with draw. Such solicitude for the welfare of Bona fide labor organizations previously not been a hallmark of communist line activity. That it should appear now with Perman ent expulsion by the convention Al most a certainty is a tribute to the ability of messes. Davis and Mcmanus to read the handwriting on the Wall. After sizing things up they have decided to quit before being fired. That their sudden decision catches themselves and their or. Shaw in a wide open contradict Ion of plans will not bother them. The propaganda value of gelling out before being kicked out is. Apparently of sufficient Merit to outweigh the temporary embarrassment of being caught out on a Promise. Pilgrim fathers of 1949 Britain s financial problems dead weight of debt by m. F. The financial problems of the United charge account on London with attempts to hold them to agreed Yvo ._._. Kingdom now being studied at the drawings being rather in Success Washington conference can Belul. India last year for understood Only in relation to la was Given drawing rights in Dol eco Rimie changes which havoc Lars on the Sterling balances of swept the rest of the Sterling slip tinny la Drew in recent years. . This year she May Multi in the period before ukr. Full awas much a Sterlina area was a net Dollar m s Lile a agreement or. Its principal exports were Stafford crops. Which tries to curtail the rate of Wii a drawls. In the past Var. The Sterlitz rubber Cocoa and tin. And the income from these and other sources was usual enough to meet Britain s direct deficit area has drained i he Centra serves in London by goods and a a vices than nun. Nun. Latin America s-jc.s.1100.000 a. Counted of 5 1 5ij.itoi All Wilh the United sales. For Many months the Sterling area has been running a Dollar deficit. The of ibis deficit varies according to Riff fat i pm estimates hut it pram la to i in Well above million this from being a Dollar earner on its so i " current the Sterling annual Rha is civil service mention was made in these columns recently of the steady in crease in Federal government expenditure in Canada. The total of our expenditures in the first four months of in a alone is greater than an entire la month budget in pre War years. It is also More than six millions higher than the total for the same period of 19-1s. The great increase in govern ment activity which has resulted n our High budgets has been accompanied naturally by an in crease of startling proportions in the civil service. The extent of this increase since 1928 is shown in figures released this week by the Dominion Bureau of statistics. In 1928. According to lbs. There were Dominion civil ser vants. Ten years later in 193s, the number had increased to and last year it was thus while the number of civil servants increased by Only 10 Pur cent., in the decade from 192s 1o 193s, it leaped by 168 per cent n the succeeding decade. In 19.3s, Canada s population was today it is about 13. An increase of 21 per cent compared with an increase eight times greater than that in the civil service. In iri3s. One out of every 252 residents of Canada was a Dom Nion civil servant. Now. One out of every 134 is a Dominion civil Ervant. Increases like this help to explain Why our current Are Al such a High level. School for workers with the announcement of its Winter schedule of activity the recently organized labor education Al association is embarked on a commendable Campaign in the Field of adult education. The classes which will be held at the Broadway University build Ings will provide those attending with excellent instruction at very Low Cost. Four subjects Are to be speaking under the Way of life you do get this the unknown m Anit bans travel. They an East and West and f. B. W. They Are familiar Many of with Britain and the United East to where the Boggy and they know the red soil of Rivers contain Little fornia and the High which look for All As though Hills of British Columbia. Belong to the Muskoka coun real echoes excitingly but. And the Trees Are Strong and own province they hardly there to no Prairie there at on the Hills above Ninette Only the other Day some look Down the length of Pelican of the Bald Prairies of this is not Prairie. See the where Are these with their 36-Inch Girth at not surely in the rolling Hills Lake in the Southern Mani Pembina or the deep Golden and try and find the Bale Leys of Southern Manitoba. In the East ledges of the River where the Pine forests of Cedar fifty feet High and the Grey Lilac of the pc cambrian shield lies walk around the gardens at in of Fern and to Noah fibred a fun experimental farm and grass. Not in nor and plums from the Trees Riding Mountain stand sheer then to nil turn the arid Hare the sin rounding Countryside of the Plain. It is Noi to he Raldy Mountain lifts its head in the Orchards or in the feet into the Wilh their High Hedges o not surely in inc North and Lilac. The land is submerged in a again As you pass through Sand lakes and the Waters of peace Garden or swing along son Bay break in one of the Sand Hills in the Carberry Dis Liest and loneliest shores that follow the Souris River to country can Hope to and see if you can find if the truth be told this is clue to the traditional picture Prairie province. It has its this province As part of tile in pockets about the Hills but is no More than part of an is not Prairie though it has finite it is much nearer to Park follow the twisting and it is not hard to Down into the Minnedosa of it. In almost every where the farms Are bound of the world. The Hills and the Minnedosa hurries along to loin the Assini i to travel hut Noine. This is no Prairie. Ii Vij. Rarely travel in much of islam and by Arnold .1. Tny Nuci in lilt Croil the Shock caused by communism is not of or prisoners and subject Eastern christians who had been something entirely in childhood As Public in the history of and had been brought up you have to go Back rather a the turks. Way. But if you do go Back to think that what most horrifies sudden emergence of islam and in the West in facing com seizure of great provinces of today is that this is a Early Christian world by the religion which unlike motive Muslim conquerors and has cells in our own you recall the general if you could imagine in of islam not Only to and Early modern Europe Possession of certain territories being centres of Muslim pro to the whole Christian belief in France in England in own Princo. T us visit Lake Winnipeg and Speed towards Ken Ura. Which is others , while the cars you see in the South of Manitoba Are cars from the Dakotas. The families you find around the Southern lakes arc families from another nation who Marvel at what has been Given their neighbors and the Little at Tention those same neighbors pay to it. Few especially from Winnipeg go out to see the Spring race across the province with the Broad care less strokes of the Painter or wait until fall and then see the same hand turn the Hills into Gold and ochre. There is much to of seen within a Day s drive of Winnipeg and it is spread Wilh such a prodigal hand that no hour s drive need be Dull. Til 1 jaded traveller if to has eyes in be. Can fired in pockets of this province gems of country Side. He can visit gardens sheltered in hollows of River valleys which the traditional picture of Manitoba never shows. The far Amicay Inix the stronger pull strange eyes can see it. But the Home bred do not trouble to look. Somewhere fat away always has the stronger pull. The train to the North carries the visitor but not the native. The highways Are spot Ted with the plates of Minnesota. Iowa Massachusets and Texas bin the Only Manitoba licences seem to j he those hurrying away. The Bald headed Prairie legend has stuck fast. If will take some i moving. A should be removed. 1 is nut True. It is a libel on a province which has much to offer and gives with a generous hand. No therefore has become a Dollar Bur Den on the United kingdom. The experience of Malaya May serve to illustrate what has been Hap pening. A year ago Malaya earned More than million and spent about half that amount. But More recently the Price of Cocoa has fal Len by about 10 per cent. And. In addition. Malaya has been Selling less to the United slates in Spile of reduced prices. The United states in january of this year was paying 19 cents a Pound for rubber and bought Worth from Malaya. Six months Lalur it bought 57.ilnl.ihlo Worth Al 17 cents a Pound. It bought Worth of tin from Malaya in april. In june it bought no More than so Worth. changes in the level f prices and the volume of sales serve to explain incidentally Why the United kingdom is so eager to have the United states accept the obligation to buy a number of these raw materials from the Ster Ling area under fixed contracts in the future. A slackening in exports however is Only half the Story. There is also the familiar sequence of rising imports into the Sterling area with not enough earned Dol Lars to pay for them thus causing in the end a further Drain on the Central Dollar Pool in London. In Dia May serve As the illustration in the Case. She wants t but Rapti. M Iglitz and in then proving Loo Rrita n is oking. With unconcpulen1 urgent Lor a new Deal. Three policies hard to restrain i the past. India bought Only Small amounts from the United states and had a Dollar surplus. Today her imports have risen from the figure of s i million to Over s-100 million and her current old and Dollar deficit is about million a year. With the Rise of India and Pakistan to National Freedom it is hard to restrain the natural desire to buy goods for the development of their countries even though these purchases Are beyond their present earning capacity. By arrangement with Lon Don India used up her three year allotment of Sterling in the twelve months Starling with 1948. And exceeded her Dollar Al location by one third. Complicating the whole situation moreover. Is the problem of the Sterling bal ances. In simplified terms these few problems at the washing ton conference can exceed the Sterling balances in importance. There Are at three roads through which a workable solution May be approached. The Sterling countries May be Lequir Pri 10 Huy piss. The United states May take to Huy More from the Sterl ing area. And the United a tray Loans to help Hila Dollar Gap. It is Likely that sonic variation of i Hosp Throp tips May i upon by the of prenup. The dead u eight of the sprling balances to clip British Treasury must be stressed As the can ral element in the whole problem. These count rips collect hair debts to the agreed annual draw Ings by making a charge on their Sterling balances in London. When the goods Are shipped the Bri ish firm is paid in Sterling and. Usu ally at a handsome profit because this Trade is conducted with a minimum of outside Competition. Hut Britain gets no goods in return nor convertible currency nor be Chance to earn dollars by sailing i Hosp products in hip United Stales and Canada. To i ii extent Tiai. Hip Sterling balances Lead in sided Trade of nature they a loss to the British to Pas by Anil complicate its International a the Sterling Hawaii up n Inot be confessed wears a differ pal to Many a a relish Manul acl ii apr he gets paid in pounds St Polinc. I gels a High Price up has an expanding Market. Why quarrel with a Good Hinc the remaining debts to India. Pakistan and Egypt Are alone sufficient to absorb two thirds of All British exports for a year. Why should he try to break his Hack by Mee ing Competition in the american mar Ket when there Are still in Many soft profits wailing in he picked tip with link1 Offori in the St prong area not Leas among inc evils of surfing balances is that Miv help i if mind. Thei e can be in real s balances Are the debts contracted Linn Britain s no mat stretch of country More maligned. In Canada by Britain in the War to the Ster Ling area and to other countries using Sterling. Some estimates place this total debt at its Peak As High Assi 11.2 billions. The countries to whom the Money is owing Are Given a virtual Ter what emergency action is Creed at Washington unless this attitude is replaced by a More Vig Orous Reliance on self a pop and a w i 11 i n g n p to accept the Chal Lenges As As i ii rewards of world Trade. Leadership of Dean Tallin of the Manitoba Law school better eng Lish taught by a Winnipeg teacher or. G. E. Snider economics. Taught by professor r. Bellan of the University and everyman s Law taught by the Winnipeg Law yer. Or. A. Montague israels. The classes will begin in october with one evening per week devoted to each subject. Although Trade unions encourage their members to join the classes and most of the association s executive Are Union members membership is not confined to unions. It is open to anyone and the association is in no Way a political organization. It has the Active sup port of the University in its under taking. Birthdays James Speers. Winnipeg born Elm Bank. Peel county. Ont., sept. 3. 1ss2. Erik Kop ing. Hill top. Near Minnedosa Man born Finland sept. I 1s-19. W. A. Vint Oakville. Man born Kendal. Clarke township ont., sept 4. 3s66. Peter Morrison. Lander Man born Rothesay. Buteshire Scot land Suejit. 4. 1s75. Something comparable to the Shock which communism has Given to the Western world since 1917. There Are. I think closer like Nesses than that because islam might be described As a heretical version of christianity a version which seized upon certain elements of christianity took them out of their context exaggerated them and Marie something out of them which was a criticism of christianity As it was Practised at the time. Now communism is rather like that certain social precepts of christianity have been taken from their context exaggerated and turned into a potent criticism of the Christian world in our time. In one sense. I suppose. Communism is More formidable As a missionary religion than islam. The Muslim missionary never had much Success in still unconquered Chris a Tian countries. Islam gradually converted the christians who were conquered by the muslims and in the ottoman Empire Down to the seventeenth Century of our Era. Christians went on being converted to Christian de Christian Spain and so on. That would be More comparable to the present fear i hat we have of the missionary penetration of com from the Golden books from the Happy Warrior by we Lipini Wordsworth who is the Happy Warrior who is he that every Man in arms should wish to be it. Is i he generous spirit who. When brought among the tasks of real life. Both wrought upon the plan that pleased his childish thought whose High endeavours Are an inward Light that makes the path before him always Bright who. With a natural instinct to discern what knowledge can perform. Is diligent to learn. Today s scripture o lord. I know the Way of Man is not in himself it is not in Man that walk eth to direct his Steps. O lord Correct me. But with judgment not in thine anger lest thou bring me p nothing. Jeremiah As schools reopen i have been thinking of the meagre results of tin literary study that goes on in them. Year after year a Hoy or girl is required to read books or parts of books that most people think valuable and interesting and that some of us think As valuable and interesting As anything on Earth. The teaching is done by people who have studied these works or works sufficiently like them under the Best instructors and have also studied How to teach. But does the boy or girl at the end of his years of schooling go on read ing nooks like those he read in class the answer is to be found in the absence of bookstores in All but the largest cities and in the selection of books in the few stores that contrive to keep going. Hopeful people say that at least the schools encourage the Reading no doubt they do. The Reading habit is so widespread that it can be regarded As a trait of our civilization. But i do not see that the fact a person reads is a result that anyone can Crow Over. Matthew Arnold was quite he spoke from years of Contact with schools and children he said that perhaps no time was More completely a waste than that Given to aimless hurried Reading. One of our mistakes is in not by e. K. Brown understanding that literature is an Art. An understanding of a work of Art can be imparted Only by some one who feels it. No one should be permitted to teach literature unless he has shown his understanding of it As an Art. No one else can make the leaching of a Book an experience i older readers will recall editions i of Shakespeare intended not for re a search scholars but Lor schoolchildren in which the notes filled More pages than the text and the notes were not primarily aids to understanding the Art of shake Speare but Learned i vacations on words sources historical allusions j even less those editions were prepared by people who did not have much understanding of Shakespeare s Art. They were chosen by administrators who had even less. They were taught by instructors who Wero better than the administrators no doubt and perhaps no worse Man the editors but not Good enough for their Job. No wonder the boy or girl exposed to that sort of approach to Shakespeare was turned against the late Swan for the rest of his or most of it. Recently there has been a turn towards in in that a More Likely to Appal to stud ent. But ibis is no certain gain. Often the books selected Are in in any real sense works of at i Thev Are not literature hut merely ephemeral printed rna Mpr what 1 should Raj command is that. We appreciate that this is in a poetic age. The greatest writers of our Century Arp not posts. Hui novelists dramatists biographers historians. This is not an acid pit and in choosing books or parts of books for study in school we should up Duce the proportion of poetry Ard make sure that among the works of prose there Are some of the very Best things in the language ancient and modern. These great works of prose Are no less artistic than our greatest poetry although anyone who is devoted to literature will probably draw most pleasure and insight from the poets. But a school course that finds its Centre in the great novels prose plays biographies and histories some of them the work of men still living is More to persuade a boy or a girl to on Reading after he is on his own. Who knows perhaps we might have a Book series of our own. And it might be profitable. The schools have the key to the problem. But. Who has the key to the schools ;