Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - August 30, 1952, Winnipeg, Manitoba Freedom of Trade Liberty of religion Equality of civil rights leg Winnipeg saturday August 30, 1952 Ivi and in Bushati the Wynn Locc free press company limited 300 Carlton Street Wynn Lee. Manitoba. Authorized to wired dais. Matter by the Post once dip Armert. Ottawa Victor Sirron peril Points when the protectionist forces in the inserted the 1 peril Points device in the reciprocal Trade agreements legis lation they expected it to prove an effective Barrier to the Competition of foreign goods in the United states Market. But the use of this escape clause in the United states agreements with other nations depends on the president and president. Truman has lately shown that he will not use it except in extreme cases. In a recent test Case he has indicated clearly that the government will not Retreat through any such Back door from its policy of maximum foreign Trade and minimum Tariff this highly significant Case concerned Swiss watches not a Large item of Trade in the world Economy but a definite trial of the government s Basic policy. The United states watch Industry persuaded the Federal Tariff commission that it was suffering too much Competition from Swiss watches. The com Mission therefore proposed that the duty on watches be raised by something Between 25 and 50 per cent. As he says in a Public statement on the matter or. Tru Man saw at once that far More than a Small Quantity of watches was involved in this dispute. It involved the whole Tariff policy of the government and the whole attempt begun by or. Cordell Hull nearly Twenty years ago to revive the trade1. Of the world. For if in a Case involving a single and relatively Small native Industry the United states was prepared to shut out foreign imports All foreign nations especially the nations of Western. Europe would be discouraged from their attempts to sell in the United states Market and thus to solve the Dollar problem which plagues the Structure of Atlantic Trade. These nations have been constantly urged by states to increase their exports they have been granted certain Tariff concessions in the United states by the Geneva agreements. Having been opened to them were the doors to be closed Inch by Inch at the Behest of any United states Industry which resisted Competition now except to remind Everyou that in a really fundamental sense the Boer War did not in for Many years after the guns ceased to mutter their dissonant refrain. Indeed the latest new from Johannesburg sometime suggests that some people in South Africa have even yet 1 Alec to learn the lessons of decent and tolerance. These super Pat riots Are doing their Best by their unjust legislation and repressive conduct of Force a posthumous revision of. History s judgment on the Boer War. But one must not do that otherwise or. Biss will write another schol arly and effective letter to re mind us that the Boer War ended Ong ago and in historical to judge yesterday s events by today s news. The president s decision was Clear Cut and emphatic. He rejected the advice of the Tariff commission and refused to raise the Tariff. Outlining his views to the Congress As he is bound to do Fry Law or. Truman argued in the first place that the United states watch Industry was not being seriously injured by the importation of Swiss watches. Its production had not declined but had Only failed to increase As rapidly As the imports. The president s second reason for refusing to accept the Tariff commission s advice was More important to the world at said that an increase in the Tariff would be a heavy blow to our whole Effort to increase International Trade and to per hidden places on aug. 17, at Mouth of a want pot Hole in. The pyrenees mountains a Spanish priest pronounced the last rites Over 33 ear old Marcel Loubens whose broken body Lay beneath a Mound if boulders far below. Three nations had joined hands n a vain Effort to save the Young ave searcher. A Rescue party and arrived from Spain at the Earby French Village of lick Itheray and a dismantled Heli copter had been sent by the uni Ted states army in Germany in the Hope that in it the injured Man might be transported to a Hospital. But even As his friends were easing him Stretcher Young Loubens died nine Days i locked deep in the Earth with Cavern a broken Back and a broken jaw had been to much and when the stretch jammed in the jagged rocks i rescuers became his pallbearer Sundown Jal Lockport Tefte Cau Sicrie won by Wilfird egg Ettan Between the Palliser expedit into Western Canada in he 1850 s and the completion of he Canadian Pacific railway thirty years later there was an Al most continuous debate in Eastern Canada about the potential value of the great Plains As farming country. There were promoters and sceptics and believers and much of the discussion was on an emotional rather than scientific level. Among the most enthusiastic of the promoters and believers was John Macoun one time professor of botany in Al Bert University Belleville Onta Rio and later Dominion botanist. Took a hand Macoun s zealous advocacy of the North West was so outspoken that once while seated in the gallery of the House of com Mons listening to what he thought were derogatory remarks if Palliser was too limited in his Faith Macoun was at other extreme. He believed that there was close to 200 million acres of wheat land in the West a figure about eight times tha acreage currently planted. He thought that the real Rea-., son for the absence of Trees Over. Much of the Prairies was the re Currence of Prairie fires. The in Ference was that when these Prai Rie fires ceased much of the priv Rie would again be wooded. He assumed on what i think was limited evidence that the Mani Toba Farmer could count on an average of 30 bushels of wheat to the acre for which he would receive 80 cells a Bushel As against 17 bushels at the same Price in Minnesota. A Sample of the somewhat naive views of this energetic naturalist occurs in his discussions of the Hudson s . With Reat Confidence he located the Thole by free press suit photographer b. H. Bosi and he was Laid to rest fee Down in the Cave into which i strange avocation had draw him. Marcel Loubens was a member _ n i 1.1-1 Uwel Vado o. Ill Lluc Mit Friendly nations to earn their own dollars and pay their f do Max cosyns expedition own Way in the it would be a heavy blow indeed a direct blow at Switzer land which buys from the United states far More than it Sells there and an indirect blow at All other nations in the same position since it would be taken As a sure sign that other goods would receive the same sort of treatment later in top of the Dairy import restrictions imposed by the con fress Over the president s protest such a step would gravely undermine the world s Faith in the United states intentions would stimulate further Trade restrictions in Europe and else where and would completely ignore the United states position As the world s great creditor which must import More than it exports if its foreign Loans Are Ever to be repaid. All this the president clearly understands and he has acted with courage regardless of immediate political consequences at Home. There never was any question about the govern ment s attitude on these attempts to whittle Down the Geneva agreements. The Only question is whether the Congress to be elected in november will understand the whole problem of Trade As the . Government understands it and will act accordingly. A while the president can reject the advice of the Tariff commission and refuse to use the escape clauses of existing legislation to alter the Geneva agreements the Congress in the end will Settle the nation s general Tariff policy. It will decide whether the reciprocal Trade agreements legislation built by or. Hull shall be renewed next year and on what terms. And As it showed in the Case of Dairy products the Congress can find Means of attaching Trade to irrelevant legislation under the influence of powerful pressure groups it should always be remembered that Congress if it chooses can override a presidential veto. In this respect especially the composition of the new con Gress will vitally concern the entire free world. The Public s attention is concentrated mainly on the presidential election which has All the interests of a human spectacle involving two men but beyond the spotlight of the Campaign the nation is choosing a third of the Senate and entire House of representatives and they will make future Tariff legislation beyond the Power of the next president to control them. The democratic party As indicated in its new platform is ready to stand behind the government s policy of abundant Trade. The historically protectionist Republican party does not go so far in its platform and undoubtedly contains influential elements which would destroy the Geneva system if they had the Chance but it is by general Eisenhower who seems to realize that his whole International foreign policy his reason for entering politics in the first place cannot Hope to succeed without the economic foundation which Trade alone can Supply. All these great issues probably will be blurred in the elec Tion Campaign. The world is encouraged by or. Truman s refusal to surrender an Inch of the Tariff ground so far gained but it must await the Advent of a new . Government and a new legislature before it can be sure of its future chances in the great Dollar Market. Engaged in exploring the depth of the Pierre St. Martin one o the deepest natural Cavern known to Man. There is no Doub that or. Cosyns and his men were pursuing legitimate scientific Aims they were studying the formations and strata of the Earth s crust and checking their theory on the origin of a River but it can be doubted that purely intellectual interest would pro vide sufficient motive for such a hazardous and blood chilling occupation. For Marcel it was a Attar of love. In his workaday Ife he ran an office equipment irm in Paris Cave searching to him was a vacation. It seems not probable that the Force which spelled Marcel Luberis to his death in the bowels of the Earth Vas the same illogical and wonderful urge which drives smal boys into endless mischief and men into new worlds. An explanation according to Robert Louis Ste Venson who should know some thing about the subject there is nothing harder than trying to say exactly what one Means and then having it receive the exact interpretation that one intended. The difficulty of said Ste is not to write but to write what you mean not to affect Reader but to affect him precisely As you be tween journalism and literature there is a Frontier which must be respected but it is not an Iron curtain and it has been crossed Ali undred times from Daniel de Joe to Heywood Broun. So the Stevenson dictum can be applied some touch of accuracy to Wanai happened in these columns few Days ago. Cellenti letter from a Reader in Minnesota or. Biss by name who evidently has an honorable passion for accuracy v expressed regret at what was apparently an error for the Boer War was Over just before the Coronation. Now there is nothing wrong with or. Biss s facts. Unfortunately insofar As the intended interpretation of the editorial was concerned there was an error. As written the editorial could and probably would have been taken to refer to the fighting on the Field of Battle in South Africa but strange to even the writer of the editorial knew that the actual fighting had ceased be fore the King was crowned. What he was thinking about and with some bitterness even in Retro Spect was the cleavage produced by the Boer War in British poli tics dividing the Liberal party a Brief note was inserted Here into embittered. Factions even straining the Unity of the Conser More Enterprise social and economic historians some Day May record As an event of some significance the disappearance of the milk bottle. That Day is still Distant but Accord ing to news reports it is approaching. Paper packages and Cartons seem destined to make inroads on the use of the milk bottle for reasons r of Cost and this trend in marketing will have a direct bearing on the ultimate Price of milk paid by the con Sumer. For if the new Cartons will not at once produce lower prices the will at least delay or prevent an higher costs and in a period o High prices such a development is most Welcome. Soon milk Wil be sold Here in the smaller quart in these paper containers milk has already been available in the new paper Cartons in the London agreement German debt settlement Chough Little noted in the Al flow of news the Germa external debt settlement Degoti Ted in London is an importer development which is basically the German no less tha in that of the foreign investor the agreement must still be Rai fied by the various parliament but prospects Are regarded As e Cellenti. For at least 18 years German Las been in outright default. Of lowing the economic collapse an he Hoover moratorium Chance or Bruning unsuccessfully sough o negotiate a settlement at Lau Sanne. At this time the sheer in ability of the Republic to Mak payments on the old scale a ene rally accepted and no ques Ion of bad Faith had yet Arisen but on june 14, 1934 the nazi government unilaterally declare he discontinuance of All pay merits in foreign currencies o lets owed to private investors hereafter despite an impressive economic recovery no Effort waver made to meet these Obliga ions which according to the propaganda were simply he fruits of an unjust Peac Reaty. Canadian quart size at Safeway and also through the Crescen Creamery company. It is this willingness to Experiment to make changes and for More diverse and flexible ways o merchandising the product tha provides the Best Assurance thai he milk Industry is keeping in touch with the latest Advance being made in the technique o to Mark the anniversary of the crowning of King Edward in on 9 August 1902. In it reference was made to the fact that Edward s reign was soon dark ened by the Boer War. An. Sex v natives and darkening the King s reign As was correctly said by the bitter aftermath of the conflict. It does not matter from the Golden books from forefathers by Edmund Blunder from this Church they led their brides from this Church themselves were led shoulder High on these Way sides sat to take their Beer and bread. Names Are gone what men they were these their cottages today s scripture let. The words of my Mouth and the meditation of my heart be acceptable in thy sight o lord my strength and my birthdays George r. White Lyleton Man. Born St. Williams ont., August 30, 1872. William James Boyd Winnipeg born Glasgow Scotland August 30, 1875. E. J. Mcginnes Elkhorn Man. Born Thedford ont., August a. J. Shaw Winnipeg born Mcgregor August .31, 1899. Problem still obscured partly because of such Prpa Anda the whole problem of Ger Man indebtedness is still obscure y a Good Deal of misunderstand no. A Brief glance at certain of he main categories of debts Cov red by the London agreement la therefore be in order. In 1924 an agreement was reached whereby the germans anxious to deprive the French of any excuse for remaining in the Ruhr Valley undertook to make annual reparations payments at the same time under the Dawes plan a very Large loan was made available to the Ger Man government the Bonds be ing offered in the United states great Britain and seven europ Ean countries. The purpose of this loan was clearly stated it was to enable the germans to balance their widget and stabilize the currency in other words to Rescue an Economy shattered by a Tornado of Post War inflation. Stimulated by a great inflow of foreign funds a very substantial Many sided re covery followed Industry was rationalized Germany attained a Strong competitive trading Posi Tion and taxes levied on the pro fits of Industry made possible the payment of substantial reparations. A second Point Worth noting is that not All the Loans were put to economically productive purposes. State and municipal governments eagerly sought foreign funds for extravagant investments in Publ c welfare projects according to less an authority than or. Schacht president of the Reichs Bank these included stadia swim Ming Baths pleasure gardens ornamented buildings amusement and banqueting Halls hotels of f i c e a planet aria Aerodromes Heaters arid museums. Nazis played up two x themes. They argued that these were reparations debts and hat reparations imposed by the Versailles treaty were not a legitimate National obligation. Yet i s evident from the above tha Germany did not borrow abroad merely to pay out in a process hat brought no benefits to her own people. She was enabled to repair an Economy to modernize Ler Industry to effect All manner if Public improvements. Towards the close of the dec Ade the Young plan came into effect. This reduced and defined Germany s reparations liabilities again there was a loan. This time be third of the proceeds of Bonds old in foreign countries Princi ally in the United states France and Britain went the Erman railways Post office and telegraphs. Again there was a stimulus to Long term lending Lough this was of Short duration because of the Onset of the world expression. Report on borrowing looking at the seven year per 3d 1924-30, the Wiggin commit be reported in 1931 that Ger Lany in reality borrowed nearly Iree times As much Money a he Ever paid out in reparations it is to the credit of the Bonn government that it has from the inset shown a determination to spel the Black Cloud of default hich has Hung Over Germany since the 1930 s. As Early As Arch 6, 1951 Chancellor Aden her in letters to the Allied High commissioners confirmed Ger an liability for the pre War external debts and also acknowledged in principle the debt arising from Post War Allied assistance. From these resulted the London conference attended by delegates from 22 creditor nations and the Bank of International settlements. Unprecedented scope according to a United states Delegate the scope of the agree ments is unprecedented. Never before have the outstanding obligations of a great trading state been settled in one on the one hand Germany agrees to pay the principal amounts of the Loans exceeding with some reduction in in Terest and Extension of the per Iod of repayment. Since the Youns. Loan contained a Gold clause pay ment on these Bonds will be based on dollars at the old rate of to the Pound. On the other hand the indebtedness incurred by the Post War aids extended by the Western governments has been scaled Down and Germany will be granted a five year breathing spell before such payments begin. Intervention in Korea from the manch meter guardian w As intervention in Korea Worth while although not or the koreans it has been for others. Remember that in the summer of 1950 the Atlantic trea a though signed fifteen months before was still no More than a piece of paper. Korea had four direct consequences it proved hat the United states would Hon or its obligations overseas it woke people in the United states o the need for partial military mobilization and so set going the appropriations and arms which Europe needed it jerked lie from paper nto practice and it proved that be United nations As an instr collective Security was a from moribund. If aggression Korea had been allowed to Jass and. That might easily few people in Europe would have believed american guarantees to be of any value. Korea was the first place where communists had gone Over from tactics of internal subversion to direct armed attack. It was a test. The United states honoured its obligations through the United nations thoroughly. To Day nobody in Europe need doubt As they did two years ago whether the United states would throw its weight in their defence at once if they were at tacked. Scarcely anyone in authority does doubt it. Either in Western Europe or in communist countries. The result of the test has been completely clear., to that extent United nations intervention in Korea has made an attack on Western Europe and a world War the less Likely. The United. States had Alread slashed from the sums owed in this regard in in with the National policy of restoring the Economy of Europe. In working out this settlement the conference was guided by the principle that the Federal Republic s economic position and Lim territorial jurisdiction should be Given due weight to avoid a excessive Drain on German for eign Exchange and economic Dis location. Clearly Western Ger Many is recognizing obligation which probably belong to the in ire German people and there i accordingly provision for approx mate action in the event of re unification of the sundered zones the consensus nevertheless is that the burdens accepted by the Republic Are not excessive pay ments for servicing the debt Wil run at the rate of annually until 19.58 when they will Rise with repayments of Princi pal to but exports have reached a volume of about billions a year which Means that the initial payments will re present Only about 3 per cent of total exports. The pre War Bonds until fairly recently the pre War Bonds have been regarded generally As waste paper mute testimony to the bad Faith of a totalitarian government or alternatively As debris in the Wake of a storm. But the Empire founded upon illegalities that was to have asked years is gone and the bids have recovered their Vali Dity. In assuming the debts of ear Ier German governments the Adenauer regime has acted to restore the credit of Germany. Private capital especially in the jilted states should once again find incentives to invest in Ger Many the More so in View of the recent impressive economic re Covey of the Bonn Republic. Such investments May Well pro fide an irn portent stimulus directly to German Industry and indirectly to. The strengthening the whole West european dec 1 about the Prairies made by k i distributing Centre of the Alexander Mackenzie Leader i whole North West below the Forks of the Saskatchewan Between it and fort a la although my most recent map shows no such entrepot or even for that matter a element at All. As a strategic son for pushing the he writes in Case of a War Between eng land and Russia it is scarcely a Remote possibility that the United states might be tempted to Stop the Supply of England with food and in that event two years would scarcely be necessary to1" bring the people of the islands to the verge of starvation. Such a contingency could not happen were the Hudson s Bay proved to be navigable As the whole of the resources of our vast the opposition he personally took a hand in the debate. Mackenzie was quoting Palm Isis and archbishop tache. Macoun shouted Down that he should quote Macoun As Well. At this stage one of the sergeant at arms staff tapped Macoun on the Shoul Der and invited him either to keep quiet or leave the House. In libraries of canadians you will occasionally see a copy of John Macoun s Manitoba and the great this is a fat volume of 700 pages published by the world publishing company Guelph Ontario in 1882, and described by the publishers As an encyclopaedia of information in regard to the great North West. Besides the writings of John Macoun it contains a chapter on Interior would be at the disposal of Britain and cattle and Grain under Convoy could be carried thither in a very few surer ground the educational and religious his tory of Manitoba and the North West by principal George m. 5rant of Queen s University a Story of the roman Catholic mis Sions in St. Boniface by the Secretary of archbishop tache a comparison of the grazing lands of Montana and the Bow River District by Alexander Begg and a sketch of the Rise and Progress happily John Macoun was on much surer ground when writ ing about natural history than about economic or military logistics. Manitoba and the great North West is full of fascinating of Winnie car by j. C. Mclagan. First hand observations about the Prairie country and it does not enthusiasms cer detract from the pleasure of read mainly carried him away at times. The West relievers and promoters if Cap ital was Ever to be invested in transcontinental railways depots stores and other apparatus of civilized society and in due ing it to glimpse beneath the formal language the irrepressible Booster and Doughty assailant of All the sceptics. By and Large John Macoun had the right Hunch about the resources of Western and course the Region Between the As time has shown there were great lakes and the Rockies Vas destined to vindicate All but he most extravagant claims. Some Gigantic possibilities in the land which even his Lively imagination could not forecast. British Aerial Progress a Farnborough display by w. E. M. Darnborough opens Mon valiant which stole the Thunder. Day. To the uninitiated the announcement May pass unnoticed but to aviation enthusiasts and airmen throughout the world it brings a thrill and an anticipation. To these people Farnborough Means the annual society of Bri Tish aircraft constructors Fly. Ing display and exhibition. It is the greatest air show in the world. Before the last War Farn Borough gained1 Fame As the Dis play place of British Experiment Al aircraft both military and civil. Since the War its importance Las been heightened with Bri Tain struggling to regain her place in the civil aircraft building held and straining to keep abreast and ahead of events in the Mill Ary Field. The postwar period has seen he Jet age come into being. Bri Ain is the Home of the Jet engine and the British manufacture hold an undisputed Lead in hat Field. For first time in the history if aviation the designer has in Uga Power to keep ahead of his Airframe. In the past the cry has Een Lor Power. The Jet and octet engine have supplied it. Consequently the Jet age has seen More Progress than even that achieved during War time. For these reasons Farnborough s awaited eagerly each year. Here in Hampshire close to gather the world s finest est pilots to Fly the machines reduced by Britain during that ear. Buyers and. Military men rom All Over the world flock to the week Long display to see Britain has., they have Neer been disappointed. Farnborough has introduced Uch Blue bloods As the de Havil and Comet which gained Britain order from Eastern a lines in the United tales the English electric can Erra the innumerable versions of the meteor and scores f other aircraft. Last. Year it Wai the Vickers this year it will probably be the Gloster . 5 javelin and the Saunders Roe Princess flying boat. Both will be making their first Public appearance. The twin Jet javelin announced recently has already been acclaimed As the worlds a flying Wing of triangular it is reputed to be Able to Fly easily through the Speed of sound. The Beautiful Princess has been described by sir Miles Thomas chairman of the British overseas airways As another important step Forward in British it can carry 120 passengers or 200 troops Over Long ranges. Later versions besides these newcomers will be later versions of such famous planes As the Canberra which was first shown at Farnborough in 1949. This plane which is being built under licence by the United states and astounded the world this week by flying the both ways in one Day at an age Speed of 605 Miles an hour will be shown in at least four Orris. In one of those forms it will be litter with the world s most pow Erful engines the Bristol olym pus. At a conservative estimate his should give the Canberra twice the Power it had in the Ori Ginal version. All these planes flown in the faultless and sometimes unbelievable fashion which has become associated with Farnborough is enough to quicken the pulse of any airman. Canada will have her Small part in the glory. On display will be the de Havilland Chipmunk a Light Trainer designed in this country. Undoubtedly too so. I a. Bill Waterton will be flying for Gloster in the javelin Ani Bill is Rorri Edmonton. All in All it is Safe to predict that by the end of next week aviation world will be applauding again ;