Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - September 6, 1960, Winnipeg, Manitoba Freedom of Trade Liberty of religion Equality civil rights leg free inn us and daily except sunday by us Winnipeg pram company limited Street win Las Manitoba. Authorized As second class matter by office department Ottawa. Shank Mackay executive editor Gram Dix tar editor emeritus Victor Sifton editor publisher j. W. Sifton general manager m. Western associate editor Winnipeg tuesday september 6, 1960, experts on loan some aldermen and civic servants apparently Are us i Happy about the borrowing by the metro organization of Joey City employees. The City assessment commissioner traffic Engineer and Deputy City solicitor Are now working part time for metro and or. Bonnycastle Trie metro chair Man has asked for the services of the City s Deputy build ing commissioner. The argument against letting the City employees work for metro even though metro pays Lor the services it receives is that this works a hardship on the City departments from which they Are taken City work must continue but with some essential employees working for the City Only part time a heavier Load Falls on those who remain. One can sympathize with the department Heads who Are responsible for the efficient functioning of their depart ments and who must carry on with some of their essential employees working for them less than full time. But it should be some Consolation to them to realize that by their sacrifice and heavier work Load they Are contributing to the Success of metro no less than the employees who Are work ing for the metro organization on a part time basis. No operation As Large and sweeping As metro promises to be has an easy time getting off the ground. If its develop ment and operations Are not to be unduly delayed much of the groundwork must be done in Advance. Clearly this can be accomplished Only with the advice1 service of experts in the Fields that metro will take Over. The City is i the logical source from which to draw these experts. It is to City Council s credit that it has not held Back on any of tha requests made to it by the metro chairman. To do. So would be to promote the quite erroneous idea that metro is something distinct and apart from the City of Winnipeg something to be opposed or if not actively opposed at least not to be helped in any Way. It must therefore be the wish of every citizen Winnipeg who has the welfare of this area at heart that Winnipeg aldermen will continue As they have to give what assist Ance they can to get metro off to a flying Start. Alternative when the United nations moved into the Congo at the invitation of Premier Lumumba the prestige of the world organization was High. With the. Weight of world opinion be Hind it the in presence in the troubled Republic was meaningful and in forces initially at least had a moderating influence on inflamed tempers. Under the direction of the Secretary general the in moved to implement three objectives to still the unrest within the Congo and to pre vent it from spreading outside the. Country to restore Domestic peace and order and to help to set up agencies of government when order had been restored.-, none of these objectives has As yet been achieved and this Lack of Success in the face of the Day to Day deterioration of the situation in the inevitably must reflect on the character in prestige and effectiveness of the United nations itself. Of the situation continues to Worsen if or. Lumumba insists. On sticking to his repeated threat to ask the in forces to leave thie Congo always1 providing that remains nominally in control of the what can the in do both in its own interests and those of the Congo nation while precedent set during the Suez crisis demands that in troops can remain in the Congo Only As Long As the congolese government wishes to have them there this May have to be upset. Already there is a body of Western opinion which feels that regardless of or. Lumumba s wishes the in should refuse to leave. A rather ingenious strategy has been suggested to make legally acceptable such action. Part of the United nations charter reads All members shall give the United nations every assistance in any action it takes in accordance with the present charter the Congo is not yet a member of the in therefore it is not bound by the charter. But its membership has been recommended by the Security Council and Waits Only the formal approval of the general Assembly. This it is argued in effect makes the Congo a in member and places the congolese government in a position where it is answerable to member nations for its conduct. It. Is there fore obliged to give the United nations every assistance in the work the in is doing in Premier Lumumba s own country. Failure to comply should entitle world organization to adopt a stronger posture and bring Law and order to the Congo by More vigorous Means than it has yet adopted. There is a second approach to the solution of the Congo problem but it could hardly be taken without Long and considered thought. The general Assembly might decide not to admit the Congo to in membership but instead recommend that the divided country be made a Ward of the in until it shows that it is ready for sovereignty. What kind of a mandate should be set up what countries would be responsible for its administration the effect of such a move on opinion in the Congo within Africa and throughout the rest of the world would Haye t o be carefully studied before any such far reaching action is taken. But As a Means of bringing a measure of peace to the Congo of giving that troubled country a breathing spell and also in prestige arid stature it is Worth serious consideration. Press censorship press censorship in Ghana following on the pro posed legislation to control the press in Ceylon seems to indicate that in some countries Means Independence for the government alone. Mrs. Bandaranaike has recently attempted soft explanations to offset the harsh Ness of what 5s happening in Ceylon and the legislation in Ghana has been described a preventive father than Puni Tive. But there is no doubt what it is and Aims to be a Means of creating a press favourable to the government in , of stifling criticism and oppose position within the country and of restricting importation of publications to Public press censorship is not new. What is disturbing about the Cey Lonese and Ghana situations is that these countries h be South Africa Are with in the British Commonwealth. As Young nations within the Commonwealth they provide an example for other Young nations to in the first stages of Independence it May seem a particularly attractive example. Independence and the. Pres Tige of the government in Power tend to be equated under these circumstances. It is to be hoped that the present m measures Are Only temporary and that Freedom from British control mean Perman ent escape fro Ivi British free Doms. Today s scripture there is neither jew n o r greek there is neither Bond nor free there is neither male nor female for be Are All one in Christ galatians economic Reform bogs Down Spain s Drift to danger Madrid Spain s economic stabilization plan is in danger of going on the rocks. Launched in july last year Avith thie assistance of two and sub Stantial american Aid the re form plan has most its initial momentum and is Drifting to failure. This is the View of economic experts Here who have been noting with amounting Pess pm ism the Franco government s seeming inability or unwillingness to push through essential parts of the Reform experts Point out that the plan succeeded in its initial purpose to Rescue the Spanish Economy from imminent bankruptcy. But the plan s Allim portent second designed to reorganize the Economy and put it on a. Sound footing is being allowed to bog Down. Unless the second phase is implemented energetically and say the experts Spain is Likely to slump Back into the economic morass from which the stabilization plan was meant to extricate it. In july 1959 Spain was technically bankrupt. Gold and for eign had dwindled to a Point where they were exceeded by the country s Short term debts. Spain did not have the Money to pay Bills due immediately. View of the fact that since 1951 Spain had received More than a billion dollars Worth of american economic Aid aside from Mili tary now was it possible for the Economy to have come to such a pass the following explanations Are v. To keep the Spanish econ my from foundering much of the american Aid effort1 had to be channelled to Stop Gap measures.1 thus after 1956 in particular american Aid had to be used to Purchase raw materials to keep Spain s industries going. The acquisition of capital equipment would have been preferable in the Long run but the urgent need to import raw materials had precedence and Spain did hot have the foreign Exchange to buy what it needed. Inflation High Domestic prices an Over valued cur Rency and a system of multiple Exchange rates Handi capped Spanish exports a a d kept foreign earnings Down. The situation was fur ther aggravated by a flight of capital. The. Spanish government Dis regarded american advice to take measures. To halt the Drift toward it walked. At urgings to reduce govern ment expenditures open up the country to foreign investment develop agriculture spa Iii s1 main natural resource to in crease foreign earnings instead of putting so much Money and Effort into Indus american advice was rejected presumably. For these reasons _ 1. Cuts in government spend ing would have meant cuts in the government s housing pro Gram arid Iii government sponsored mud strict development both Strong political items 2. To encourage foreign in vestment would have threat ened certain vested interests and monopolies opposed to Competition and which the by a. M. Franco regime does not wish to antagonize 3. The Spanish government could safely ignore american complaints because of the importance the United states attaches to continued availability of the american built air and naval bases Here. It calculated correctly that however much the United states disapproved of an eco nomic policy that sapped the effectiveness of american Aid to Spain the american government would do nothing and say nothing which might anger the Franco regime to the Point of jeopardizing the bases for Aid agreements of 1953. By mid-1959 Spain s dec Orion in plight had gone from bad to Vorse. But in july that year and with America s bless ing Spain won membership in. Twp , the organization for european eco nomic Reec and the International Stone Taffy fund the two bodies agreed to Spanish requests for Aid but in Exchange the Spanish government had to. Accept the agencies terms Reform and liberalization of the Spanish Economy on the basis of Reec and if recommendations and rules. These recommendations Sim Ilar in Many ways to those made earlier by the United states be Caine the basis of the economic stabilization plan. To help the Spanish to carry put the plan the Reec if . Banks and the . Government combined to put up 5373 millions. Reec millions if Banks Mil Lions . Government millions in addition Mil Lions were made available for refunding Spanish Trade debts to Reec countries. V the plan s first phase was immediately put into operation. The peseta was. Devalued multiple Exchange rates were abolished government expenditures slashed availability of private Bank credit restricted. Trade became partially liberalized. As a result inflation has been stopped. The Adverse trend of balance of payment has been reversed so that by july this year Spain had built up its Gold and foreign Exchange reserves from Mil Lions to millions. But stabilization plan s phase reduction of rigidities and controls so As to provide a base for new economic growth is making practically no Progress. Pledged reforms Are material izing extremely slowly or not at All. Economists who want to see the plan succeed note with disappointment the following the Spanish businessman s to manage his own business. Continues to be narrowly limited by government controls. He can neither reduce his. Labor Force nor expand his Plant without government approval and government approval is not easily Given. More than a year ago the government created an Agency for economic coordination and the Agency was to report by on ways and Means of reducing government interventions in Vari Ous sectors of the Economy. The report is still awaited. A Law on foreign investment produced Only at the end of 1959, is not As Liberal As Many had hoped and is not designed to attract much foreign Capi Tal. Changes in labor legislation relaxing the ban on dismissal of redundant workers but com Hining this with adequate unemployment compensation have not materialized despite Reec recommendations to this effect reiterated last feb Rul iry. Monopolistic practices continue As before. I the Spanish government has failed to win Public support for the stabilization plan. Twenty years of censorship under a regime that never admits mis takes or failure make it difficult for people to accept unreservedly government assertions. Used As they Are to the regime s authoritarianism and its directed a Corimby people feel that the government can not change its economic policy without changing itself. The sentiment is widespread that the sacrifices necessarily imposed by implementation of the stabilization plan notably loss of overtime and loss of income by labor Are not being shared equally by All. What s holding things up the answer is politics the stabilization plan is bogging Down at the risk of. Founder ing because behind the Franco government s lethargic implementation of the plan is the who fan to ratty in America i fact of bitter political disagree ment the Caudillo s Cabinet is split and has been for months f the finance and com Merce ministers supporting the plan the ministers of labor and Industry along with pow Erful privileged interests whose support Franco wants to keep resisting it. Throughout this behind the scenes tug of War Franco has avoided taking sides. The effect has been to encourage the plan s opponents to. Try to wreck it. Proponents of. Eco nomic Reform Are becoming discouraged and cynical to the Point of remarking wryly what this country needs is a Strong Franco regime is on the knife Edge of indecision. If it delays in pushing the1 stabilization plan through it will Al most certainly have to resort to its former policy of Exten Sive government spending in order to keep the Economy go ing. This would mean Infra a return to inflation would mean that within a few years Spain would be Back where it was in july 1959, its Gold and foreign Exchange earnings fading away a flight of capital bleeding the country the nation skidding toward bankruptcy. If this is allowed to happen can Franco Spain count on be ing bailed out again with american and West european Aid a Canadian professor s View British legacy in Africa by . T Ondon canadians who i think that the legacy of British imperialism in dark est Africa is something less than Happy will not be suffered gladly by Canada s Best known historian prof. Donald Creighton when he returns to Toronto this month. After travelling More than Miles throughout the federation of Rhodesia and Nyasa land As a member of the Monckton commission prof. Creighton has one Abid ing impression. The Devotion of the african native to the Queen has to. Be seen to be believed. Any idea s to the contrary Are strictly North american the biographer of sir John a. Macdonald says he will. Never forget the words of a Humble african who came before the Monckton commis Sion in a Remote Village. The Man knew nothing of the constitutional or economic complexities of federation he had Only one thing to say to the interpreter. My Grandfather lived in peace my father lived in peace and i want to live in peace. And i want to live. Under the Protection of the. Queen. That is All i want to prof. Creighton is unable at present to give his views on the constitutional future of the Central african federa Tion. He and the 23 other. Commissioners working under lord Monckton Hope to plete their report Early in. September for submission to the British and federation governments. But he Speaks with enthusiasm i his african adventures. Did i work so hard or encounter such whole hearted he says. Although african nationalist groups boycotted its hear Ings prof. Creighton feels that the commission was put in touch with every View Point. In some villages it was met by africans usually women carrying supposedly hostile placards. But they were pretty Good natured he says. The women could t seem to help smiling. The slogans on their banners were hardly angry Monck go Home or we Don t want any Man key business Here the professor tells a Story laughable were it not tragic which illustrates the problem of nationalism for the uneducated african musses. An african worker like his Fellows had bought the so called deed to his european master s prop erty from a nationalist agent. One Day the european told him he was leaving. But Bwana you can t implored the african. Why asked the euro Pean. Haven t you already paid Money to have my pro Perty when i of said the african. But if you leave who is go ing to Tell us what to prof other Creighton like commissioners been deeply concerned at re cent events in the Congo. He s a s that should a similar outpouring of the european population occur in the Cen trial african federation it would spell disaster. The federation must be Multi Rac Ial or the whole Structure is going to the Monckton commission is not the professor s first experience in advising govern ments on Federal Reform. Before the second world War he was a research assistant for Row Eli Sirois commission. In studying the rhodesian federation he never ceases coming across Canadian parallels. But lest the Canadian com Parison mislead the score of Commonwealth correspondents trying to pry open the Tenor the coming report prof. Creighton is Quick to Point out that the problems the federation of Rhodesia and Nyasa land Are very Ferent. J As any of my students he says i am a centralist when it comes to the Canadian Constitution. Rho Desia is another when prof. Creighton re turns to the University of Toronto in september his Stu dents can expect to hear not Only about sir John a. Mac Donald. He has already writ ten to some of his colleagues that canadians should pay More academic attention to Africa. Of trying the Long Road to perfection by c. S. R the connection Between the picture of Zin Anthro pus which appeared on the front Page the other Day and the report of the experiments now being conducted on the Dugway proving grounds in Utah May seem Remote. Zinc Anthrop us whose fossilized re Mains were recently prised out of the primordial Rock in Africa died years ago. Which is a Long Way Back from Utah far Back enough to make Zinc Anthropius the first known Man on Earth. At such a distance it is hard to what that first Man would make the experiments being carried out at Dugway not much perhaps even if colonel Prentice who is. In charge of operations there were to show him round the proving grounds on a con ducted tour. It is a pretty complicated and Zijah theopus so far As one can judge from of his reconstructed likeness had not developed the great forebrain with which blessed. His heirs Are but there can be Little doubt that he would understand the purpose of the project the end in View which quite simply to better Way of inflicting sudden death upon one s enemies. It is a problem with which he must have lived during almost All his waking hours. His world full of enemies for he shared it with some awesome behemoths wild boars As big As Hipp Potami tucked tigers shaggy mastodons even the sheep in his Day stood six feet High at the shoulder. Doubtless the techniques with which he tried to solve the problem compared to those that col. Prentice and men Are working on at Dugway seem crude and even brutish. But the very fact that col. Prentice and the rest of us Are Here at All As lords and masters for the time be ing anyway of the whole Earth is proof enough that in his attack upon the problem Zinc Anthropius achieved at least some measure of Suc Cess How successful the experiments at Dugway will turn out to be it is too Early yet to Tell but they Are very far in deed from being crude or brutish. They involve the most precise and Subtle scientific techniques that the now splendidly developed brain of Man has yet devised for tiie Striction of his fellow Man with bacteria and chemicals. The experiments have been course to killing animals and the results though therefore not conclusive have., been highly gratify ing to col. Prentice and the men for whom he works. A Pigeon for example placed half Way up a Mountain in a. Remembered words from Hamlet Prince of Denmark by William Shakespeare in the most High and palmy state of Home a Little Ere the mighty Julius fell the Graves stood and the sheeted dead did squeak and Gibber in the roman streets As stars with trains of Firo and Dews of blood. Disasters in the Sun and the moist Star upon those influence n e p tune s Empire stands was sick almost to doomsday with eclipse. Little sandbagged fort was dead before the dust from an exploding nerve Gas Shell had. Settled. A goats death in an other lonely Bunker some Way off clocked 90 seconds after firing time. Goats Are More resistant it is somehow known than men to this particular chemical a single drop of which a Little larger than a kill a Man in minutes. The colonel is elated. It he told a group of correspondents recently great stuff. I am enthusiastic about biological and chemical warfare. It s More humane than anything else we be fish Fol it May Well be an d not to share in col. Prentice s Ela Tion smacks somehow of ingratitude after All it is on our behalf As citizens of the free world that he performs his lethal task he works for us. One cannot but remember old Zinc Anthropius with no forehead Worth mentioning and the enemies on whom he focussed the full Force of whatever brain he had. Zinc Anthropius lives on in us. But what happened to the mighty behemoths it is a splendid thing to be enthusiastic and to pursue perfection in one s chosen Field As col. Prentice and his counterparts Are now doing on the proving grounds of this strange divided world. Man has never yet attained Perfec Tion. But it does not seem absurd to think that after trying for years he is at last approaching it. If so we need not wonder if a sense of vague unease affects our Section is As far As you can go it is the final stage beyond which there is nothing ;