Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - July 29, 1963, Winnipeg, Manitoba A Winnipeg free press monday july 29, 1963 Only rats thrive As Indonesia plunges to bankruptcy Denis Warner is one of Australia s leading news analysts specializing in asian affairs. Author of three books he also writes for the Melbourne Herald and for newspapers in new zealand Singa pore Bombay and Japan. His reports from his present tour of Southeast Asia will appear regularly in the free press by Denis Warner president Sukarno Djakarta Indonesia Spe Cial for Java s More than 50 million peasants and their families this is the rat Hunting season with shovels Sticks and hoes every Able bodied Man and boy in every Rice growing Village is out Hunting them in toe Fields and along the Dykes. This is no sport. The Hunt is conducted not with fun but with hatred and the rat when caught and killed is tossed High into the air with angry shouts of Triumph. Last year the rats ate a Quarter of Indonesia s Rice crop and in some areas ate almost All. They attack the new seedlings in the ground the ripening crop arid granaries. And they have helped to make the country which was once Rice sufficient the biggest Rice importer in the world. Thousand needs with an annual import of Worth of rat Poison indonesian officials and Wes Tern experts believe the rats could be thrown so far Back on the defensive that As a pest they could within a year or two be controlled. But today in Indonesia rat Poison is Only one of a thou Sand needs that cannot be filled. It has come As close to bankruptcy As any country can come. Its primary and secondary industries its communications have ground almost to a halt. Factories Are producing at about one fourth of capacity. Mines and estates Are crippled like All other sections of the Economy from Lack of spare parts. As the anti chinese riots last May so clearly indicated the indonesian people Are growing restless and discontented. They picked the chinese As the most convenient Scapegoat. Next time they could turn As easily against the government. The alternative unfortunately is not a less revolutionary government. In the 13% years since Indonesia got its Independence everyone except the communists has tried his hand at running the country. None has succeeded. Guided from Liberal democracy to president Sukarno s Awn guided the decline has been constant and unchecked. A week ago until or. Sukar no lashed out against Malaysia again the Promise of putting the House in order was there. It still is. Even More important there was a Promise of the sort of Aid from the West that could end the decline and Start Indonesia on an upwards course. The International monetary fund delegates americans japanese and West germans had All but put their initials to an Aid program involving More than us in the next 12 months. If Washington in exasperation closes the till and the International monetary fund walks out leaving Indonesia to its own devices it is hard to be Lieve that All the army s guns will prevent the people s making common cause with the two Mil lion members of the indonesian communist party which alone among the political parties has not been discredited by failure. But i believe or. Sukarno is adroit enough to keep his balance and that whatever May happen to Malaysia later in the Way of subversion the Summit meeting in Manila on july 30 will be satisfactory enough and Indonesia will get the Aid it so desperately needs. The alternatives Are too grim to contemplate. . Aid to India Pakistan faces moment of truth Ever since 1947, when the subcontinent was divided the balance of arms has allayed Pakistan s fear of India. Now the picture is about to change radically Karachi special owns there is an atmosphere of Semi emergency in Pakistan today. Not that it is reflected in the daily life of its citizens but if what is published in the papers or what is said by government spokesmen is any guide Pakistan is face to face with its moment of truth. Initiating a foreign affairs debate in the National Assem Bly last week min ister z. A. Bhutto characterized the present crisis As the most difficult and gravest faced by Pakistan so far. In consequence our foreign policy is being reshaped and there is an agonizing reappraisal and rethinking taking place the Central Point is the. American decision to extend Long term military and economic Aid to India which it is Felt Here will so upset the balance of Power in the Region that it will jeopardize Pakistan s Security. Pakistan s relations with the United states Are at a critically Low ebb. Relations with India never Cordiali Are As bad As Ever. Ever since 1947, when the sub continent was divided to form the Independent states of India and Pakistan against a Back drop of mass killings and Politi Cal bitterness relations Between the two countries have sub it Hatch very first us of so Ethni. Coll no Itald cd. D. D. Prescription positively relieve new red by Noemm rubes. I was nearly crazy listed on a basis of uneasy peace. Pakistan being the weaker of the two countries first turned in 1954 towards Western sponsored defence alliances. As a result of . Military Aid Pakistan was Able to Muster almost a one to two ratio against. India in terms of armed strength. Till recently Pakistan had about five Active army divisions As against in Dia 11. In certain departments Pakistan even had Superior equipment for example a Squadron of supersonic f-104 fighter bombers. It was enough to reassure Pakistan. Radical change this picture is about to change radically. Six Mountain divisions Are to be equipped by the Western Powers to help in Dia face the chinese threat. By the end of 1964, India will have 17 divisions in the Field. The target for 1965 is 20 Divi Sions. India s own defence expenditure in the current year has doubled to reach a figure of Over rs., 800 crores one crore equals 10 million Pakistan has increased her de Fence commitment by a modest is. 32 crores. Her total expenditure on defence for this year stands at is. 138 crores. India also has a tremendous advantage Over Pakistan in ordnance potential manpower Industrial Infra Structure and general economic growth. Pakistan s fears May or May not be justified but they do raise her Security Bill. Further India has been Able to acquire arms and economic assistance not Only from the Western Powers thank you for your patience and understanding during our recent modernization program now so. It. All indoors self serve lumber and building materials no wait service visit us soon or phone we 3-0341 open now i Supply new building material Centre Portage ave., opposite St. James Bridge enter Portage Nen or Madison the Winnipeg Supply fuel co. Ltd. But also from Russia. An Indian defence Mission has left for Moscow to negotiate defence purchases including migs sub marines according to some re ports and arms manufacturing plants. The submarine Pur chases May be doubtful. In Dian personnel have been trained in the United kingdom and it is questionable if India would go in for soviet submarines incidentally Pakistan is three years behind. India in personnel training for submarine warfare. To reduce the military imbalance the . Has offered to help equip and maintain a departure from the existing pattern two new Divi Sions for Pakistan. It seems that Pakistan has rejected the offer on the plea that she is not bidding for an arms race with India. In any Case it will Lead to an additional defence Burden and inevitably to poli tical implications. Pakistan is already supporting an army beyond her. Resources and internal political and economic repercussions Are All Ion obvious. Western Aid since the current tensions started the Western Powers have also Given written Assur ances to Pakistan that in Case of aggression by India they will come to Pakistan s Aid. These assurances almost Iden tical to those Given to India when Western military Aid was initiated to Pakistan in 1954, refugees from India have been resettled in this Colony outside Karachi. Have failed to assuage Paki Stan s anxiety and bitterness. The feeling Here persists that the will be drastically and per a ardently. Whether overt aggression comes or not this will strengthen India in her posture not to Settle her outstanding disputes with Pakistan the most important being the Kash Mir problem. Kashmir is a former princely state which has been a Bone of Contention Between India and Pakistan since 1947 and re Mains the chief source of Fric Tion Between the two countries. A plebiscite to enable its pre dominantly Muslim population to decide its future has never West indians seeking closer economic ties by John Crocker port of Spain Trinidad special owns the Summit conference of the West Indian leaders taking place in Trini dad May Well have a far reaching effect of the future of the whole Caribbean area. The prime ministers of Independent Jamaica and Trini dad and the premiers of the dependent British territories of British Guiana and Barbados have stressed their common de sire to Branch out from their colonial past and As Trinidad s or. Eric Williams said to reject the boundaries determined by european and . Rivalry Over the the first meeting of a plan Ned regular series stems from or. Williams s idea of a carib bean economic Community embracing British Commonwealth French and dutch territories. Commonwealth countries apart from the four represented at the conference Are Bri Tish Honduras the Leeward and Windward islands and Vir Gin islands. French Guadel Oupe Martinique French Guiana. Dutch Suriname dutch Curacao Aru customs Union the meeting is expected to endorse Broad agreement on tackling the economic problems on a regional basis. A full Cus Toms Union is on the Agenda but a favourable decision is unlikely As sir Alexander Bustamante the jamaican prime minister is cold on the idea. Concer Ted action is Likely on Trade matters for example representation in 1964 world Trade conferences tourist promotion and sea and air postal communications in combining overseas diplomatic representation and efforts to get foreign Aid planned on a regional basis rather than territorially. While the conference is basically concerned with economics speeches have shown a Strong political undercurrent. Or. Jagan for instance called for support for British Guiana s Independence drive and for the conference to align itself with the anti coloured bloc. The bar Badian Premier or. Barrow also stressed his territory s determination to get Independence this year. The leaders of Trinidad and Jamaica have generally supported this Al though sir Alexander busta Mante has said he will have nothing to do with Cuba and this raises a difficulty regard ing association with British Guiana As or. Jagan already has Trade and other links with or. Fidel Castro and wants More. One of or. Jagan s themes Here has been his de sire to extend the whole communist bloc. First stage it is considered Here that the conference whose Basic Pur pose is closer inter Caribbean trading relations could also Mark the first stage in steering British Guiana towards Independence in association with or. Williams s economic Community idea. Though much intellectual sparring has been going on in the conference room and will continue there Are More fac tors uniting the four territories than dividing them. Nevertheless the failure of the West Indian federation is very much in the minds of the delegates and Concrete results will have to be achieved soon if the con Ference is to restore Confidence in the idea of closer association. One practical result is the unanimity to press jointly and in the strongest terms for the re Moval by Venezuela of the 30 per cent surtax on imports from British Caribbean Terri tories. Copyright 1963 observer foreign service become effective and India treats it now As an integral part of its territory. If Kash Mir were out of the Way Paki Stan s objections to Western arms Aid to India would lose their Edge. Neither the United nations nor the Western pow ers have succeeded in effect ing a Compromise. Part of the . Arms Aid is now being funnelled into lad aka which is part of the disputed territory of Kashmir but where India is now facing China. The . Is building a military Airfield at leh a High Way connecting leh with Srin Agar and part of India s new Western equipped divisions May also be posted to Badakh. This has raised Pakistan s ire and a protest to the . Kashmir re Mains a National objective for Pakistan and any addition to India s military strength makes it All the More difficult of fruition. Understanding the Pinch for Pakistan comes in View of its heavy dependence on Western military and eco nomic Aid. Almost 60 per cent of its National budget is made up of external resources mainly american. How is utter dependence on Aid to be reconciled with an increasing diver gence of interests Between Paki Stan and the West pressed by India and disillusioned with her allies Paki Stan has been edging its Way towards closer relations with China. A Border agreement was signed earlier this year and the Pakistan International air lines May shortly inaugurate its Karachi Canton Shanghai Tokyo flights despite . Displeasure. How far Pakistan will move towards China is difficult to gauge. It is a cautious embrace and Only external pressures will Force the Pace but it is a perceptible trend nevertheless. Foreign minister Bhutto told the National Assembly that any at tack by India on Pakistan will involve the territorial integ Rity and Security of the largest asian this was a refer ence to China. Officials have since denied that there is any understanding Between China and Pakistan. Perhaps there is none except one of Mutual suspicion of India. But How does one explain or. Bhutto s statement copyright 1963 observer foreign news service the news arts festival cuts Hungary s Iron curtain few of the visitors have the slightest interest in the plays. What some people go to Sopor on for is partly to see what life is like in the communist world but most go to visit relatives and friends by Frederick Scheu Vienna special owns a breach in the Iron curtain has been made. The aperture is Small and temporary but no one would deny its significance and austrians and hungarians have been Quick to take advantage of it. The place is the hungarian Frontier town of Sopron which is surrounded on three sides by austrian territory and is linked with the rest of Hungary by a narrow corridor. The Hun Garian authorities some time ago decided to stage a theatre and opera festival at Sopron during the month of july and announced that visitors could attend this festival without a visa or the other usual requirements necessary for entry into communist Hungary. What life is like a festival visitor needs Only his passport and an invite which he can get for a nominal fee from the Hungar Ian travel Bureau in Vienna. This Little formality is sufficient for a Quick Check up on his identity. He then lines up with his car at the Frontier Post outside Sopron and Waits till his turn comes. This is the real problem for the queue is enormous. On one sunday cars went to Sopron from aus Tria. The hungarian authorities know exactly what is going on and it is All part of their plan few of the visitors have the slightest interest in. The festival plays. What some people go to Sopron for is partly to see what life is like behind the Iron cur Tain but most of them go to visit relatives and friends. News of the facilities offered by the festival has quickly spread throughout Hungary. Families flock there from All parts of the country to meet cousins and in Laws from aus Tria. Despite the years of separation the Friend ship links Between the two countries Are Stie Strong. Entry permit attempts by rash austrian motorists to penetrate from so Pron to other parts of Hun Gary have been circumscribed Fay police placed across the corridor by the hungarians. And every night the curtain drops Down. The entry permit is valid Only for 24 hours and the visitors have to return to Austria at the Frontier Hungar Ian guards search cars for refugees possibly hidden in the Boot. It is unlikely that Many would want to escape. There has been a considerable change the internal situation the aftermath of the hungarian free dom., fight of 1956 when Over refugees into Austria. After the Iron curtain was strength ened with stretch ing from one horizon to the other and watchtowers Man Ned by soldiers every half mile or so. The line is strongly Tein. Forced and Many would be refugees have blown up in sight of Trian Frontier guards. This dangerous i form of Emi Gration has recently become rare. The situation in Hungary has improved both economically and politically those who were most anxious to leave communist territory have apparently done so. Those who have remained Are apparently willing to make the Best of the situation. L some trend it is also Clear that the government of Premier Dar is aiming at a Rapprich ment with the West or. Kadar belongs to the Liberal group of communists he is one bit or. Khrushchev s closest friends in tune with or. Khrushchev s policy of co exis tence or Kadar. Has been try ing to break Down the barriers Between Hungary the negotiations on Cardinal Mindszenty still a refugee in the . Legation in Budapest and the recent visitor United nations Secretary general u Thant to Budapest Are results of this policy. The Sopron Festi Val and the of restrict the same trend. Rumours have been current in Vienna that the hungarians by Pron were planning to dismantle the barbed wire Frontier. These were quickly denied from Budapest. No it was said was contemplated in the Security the tune for that is not yet. Copyright 1963 observer foreign news service this Symbol Means Cash when you need it yes this Symbol represents Cash up to even More for any worthwhile purpose. Niagara has Over 235 offices from coast to coast and there s one near you. Remember Niagara the dependable source of Cash. Niagara finance company limited the largest All Canadian consumer loan company 201 Dayton bldg. 1311 Portage ave. W. 1261 main St. N. 264 Kennedy St. We 3-5557 us 3-1598 jul 6-8034 we 2-0091 branches in Brandon and Kenora 150 ibs of baggage goes with you free i when you go Canadian National the Way of the worry free ;