Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - January 25, 1968, Winnipeg, Manitoba Winnipeg free january 1968 american common Market faces stiff hurdles William Weber formerly a correspondent Mexico and South is now professor of ism at the University of los his newest heroic a narrative history of the mexican will be in the by William Weber Johnson a meeting at the Summit and the entrapment of a guerrilla fighter in the barbarous Back country of Bolivia these were the key events of 1967 in inter american each was an important phase in the struggle Between evolution and like so much else in latin neither event was Complete and final in a blast of machine gun fire in a schoolhouse in la was final enough for the wounded Che the Argenti Neborn Ca troite revolutionist who had vowed to launch Many Vietnam on the South american the Bullet torn body which Boli Vian soldiers displayed was finality but the mood which Guevara personified implacable hatred for the United states the Summit meeting at the Lovely uruguayan sea Side resort of Punta Del Este the first such meeting of american chiefs of state since 1956 was not intended to be Conlu but it made an auspicious beginning toward solving some of the Basic ills of the in remarkable Harmony there was Only one dissenting voice Ecuador the presi dents moved ahead with plans for a latin american common to be established by 1970 and to be in substantial opera Tion by Lack resources the obstacles Are Formi the Central Ameri can common set up six years ago by Costa Nicaragua and has produced Little in the Way of real economic the larger common Market will face the same problems the principal Cne being poverty of re sources without the advantages of the Central american nations a cer Tain homogeneity of Popula culture and adapting the same sort of system to the variegated assortment of nations and Peoples spread Over Miles from the Rio Grande to Cape Horn presents Stag Gering the pro Gram must ultimately accommodate itself to the modern Industrial Plant of Mexico and the quasi fungo of to the potato Patch of the andean High Lander and the Board Estan Eia of the Argentine Pam to the primitive Folk of the Amazon Basin and the sophisticates of san Buenos Aires and Rio de in launching the Alliance for Progress in 1961 presi Dent John Kennedy said our unfulfilled task is to demonstrate to the entire world than mans unsatisfied aspirations for economic Progress and social Justice can be achieved by free men working within a framework of democratic Alliance spokesmen claim much Progress toward Kennedy capita Gross National product has grown from per cent in 1961 to 1963 to per cent in 1963 to government revenues among participating nations have increased 22 per cent in the past three and investment in latin America has nearly doubled in the past tax so Long neglected in most of latin America As a cure for socioeconomic have been instituted in six second step the decision at Punta Del Este represents a second step in the planned evolution of the Alliance a move to create common institutions and productive common interests in the participating nations or strengthening them in the few where they already the final step will be a functioning common Market with the economic growth and Progress which it prom All of this is but is it enough and is it coming soon enough Many critics feel that the with its emphasis on economic and financial is neglecting the social Justice to which president Kennedy gave equal importance and the social ills Are spreading More rapidly than economic remedies can be com there is ample evidence of the the Rural masses of most of latin America remain impoverished and economically unproductive fodder for the kind of movement Fidel Castro launched in the Sierra Maestre and Guevara tried to carry out in Urban migration and Urban poverty continue to the slums of latin America Are More crowded and miserable than the explosive ghettos of new and los population is racing ahead at a dizzy far outdid dancing productive Victor the mexican calculates that by the year 2000 Lathi americas popu which was 200 million in will have reached a sea bursting 650 with More than half living in cities which Are unable to Cope even with today land Reform is still min decisions limit lbs options by Chalmers Roberts Washington special tons president John sons possible options in the Pueblo affair were constricted by two critical decisions made Down the Chain of command before the chief executive had even heard of the what is now known of the record goes to demonstrate once again How much a command Erin chief is hemmed in by actions of men who Are his sub these were the decisions involved the president was not told of North korean torpedo approach to the Pueblo or of its Board ing until 2 Washington after the ship and its 83men Crew were securely in North korean by that time he was faced with an accomplished fact the first hijacking of an Ameri can naval vessel by a foreign state in More than a Century and a the nuclear powered Carrier Enterprise and its accompanying which by Chance had just left to return to duty off was turned about and headed toward the sea of Japan opposite North again before Johnson was the president faced by a that american ships were head ing toward North Korea in a show of in the first instance oth ers made the fateful Deci Sion not to Send aircraft to help the whether or not the Captain had called for someone without reference to the White House and apparent although this is not yet reference to the to let the Pueblos Captain handle the torpedo boat that proved to be a fatal mistake that severely limited the presidents ability to at first he could Only make a diplomatic Effort to free the Crew and but any official who has followed korean affairs could have told him the communists would not re turn them for the As turned out to be the Case less than 24 hours if the or the had been informed in air cover might have been sent to drive off the torpedo had no such option in the second instance the president had no option open on whether or not to respond to the incident with a show of that decision was made Down the apparently by cinc the joint command Headquarters in whether the Pentagon was even asked its advice is not yet but certainly the president was not it May Well of that if he had been Given the at once would have ordered the Enterprise and its naval escorts to head for North korean on the other he might have decided that to do so would be to overheat the already charged atmosphere and possibly limit diplomatic efforts to win release of ship and if further diplomatic eff Orts fail and with the naval Force off North Johnson has the option now of using Force in some form or of withdrawing the ships in the face of North korean refusal to free the really effective Only in Mexico which tackled the problem Long before the Alliance of efforts to open up inaccessible country for development and settlement Are beset with Perus magnificent mar Ginal Highway project to tap Rich trans andean lands has almost bankrupted the the hemispheres most extravagantly benign welfare state 44 holidays a retirement at is also on the verge of the peso was devalued four times in 1967 and the Cost of living has soared 32 times in the past the revolution in Liberty of Chiles president Frei appears to be the progressive Christian democratic party which put him in Power is being eroded by electoral losses and ideological schisms on such for As the legitimacy of Cas troite fact of life military Rule remains a dreary fact of life in much of latin even the roman Catholic traditional supporters o f staunch conservatism and the status quo in latin have begun to speak out against govern mental oppression in a Bolivia and oligarchy is far from when Ecuador at tempted tax reforms in compliance with the Alli Ance for objections from commercial interests in Guayaquil were so strenuous that the govern ments goals were reduced by 30 per a Matching cutback in funds for Ecuador led to a diplomatic and interim president Arosemena Gomez became an obstructionist at Punta Del the list goes on and on graft and corruption at official agitation in the infiltration of guerrillas in Venezuela and Peru As Well As Bolivia misery and in his Book revolution in the revolution the Young French marxist Regis Debray recently sentenced to 30 years imprisonment by bolivian authorities for his collaboration with Guevara wrote that the United last hand will be played in latin that hand has not been dealt but the deck is being possibly the key position of assist ant Secretary of state for inter american affairs has changed hands six times in six the confusion and uneasiness of latin opposition to communist encroachment has on occasion forced the into the awkward Posi Tion of supporting regimes which Are antidemocratic As Well As arms Selling policy which denied military Jet aircraft specifically the f 5 to latin american nations was not on a matter of principle but because the French began taking orders for Mirage Jet t h United states is far More concerned with a game being played in Southeast under the circumstances some neglect of the Long Range concern for and interest in latin America has been even the course is not always logical and and the asian commitment has aroused outright antagonism among intellectuals and fear in government circles that Aid for latin America will be further reduced or even in View of All these perplexities the agreement at Punta de Este was a heartening sign of Faith and the or at least an important p a r t of the will be determined by the Way in which the Promise is As peruvian president Belaunde said at the close of the meet ing the documents of this conference Are like the score of a All depends on How it is copyright the los Angeles times the greatest Satin of them All Check these Comfort features available in Economy class exclusively on spa space master ask your travel agent for 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