Winnipeg Free Press

Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - April 8, 1983, Winnipeg, Manitoba Studies show rapid changes in businesses Ottawa David writ ing in the new York Magazine the Public interest in the fall of explained that his Effort to discover where jobs come from arose out of a conviction that the governments Job creation Effort could be More effectively Birch and his group at the Massachusetts Institute of technology in the 1970s were worried that in the absence of such knowledge National policy has been to stimulate the entire Economy As though it were a single unit an approach that meant wasted expenditure and higher the Mit people found what they were looking obtaining Access to a remarkable Dun and Bradstreet file on the group tracked the development and activity of some million establishments operating in the from 1969 to and managed to piece together a picture of a Industrial the research produced the stun Ning finding that of net new jobs created during the two thirds were produced by firms with 20 or fewer employees and 80 per cent by firms with less than 100 about 80 per cent of replacement jobs were created by firms that were four years old or most Small firms do not create but most jobs that Are created Are produced by Young firms that Start up and expand armed with these Birch by 1981 was Able to argue for targeted tax changes that could free up investment Money for the Small it is not an Accident that much the same View of economic and Many similar thoughts about economic Are to be found within the bosom of the Canadian federation of Independent As with the Birch the crib vision of our society is an but intriguing one vision of a society that is relentlessly transforming even in the change was As much positive As despite the grim some new firms established themselves across the crib economist Pat John Ston something like firms would have but first to and the changing face of changing it not merely through the arrival of new businesses on the scene but also through the loss of old in the 1972 to 1976 for the lost firms at the rate of seven or eight per cent a year right across its length and such a rate of Birch Points meant that half the jobs and establishments would have to be replaced every five just to keep his findings highlighted the fact that the shift in employment opportune notably the southward and West Ward shift which became so visible in the in the were to be explained by a differences in the rate at which firms were being established in various parts of the the proportion of firms vanishing be tween 1972 and 1976 averaged about 34 per cent across the and varied Only the findings conjure up a dynamic where Young Busin esses play a Large it could easily be Birch said at one that one of our greatest strengths As a nation is our capacity for failure Grace and even enthusiasm with which we accept those who try and fail and come Back to try if our own experts Are the comment applies Here As it would this finding since we turn Over such a Large proportion of our Job base every year Joan Cohen Ottawa editor in All industries and All Birch the Overall character of our Economy is affected quite quickly by the nature of the Job it no longer takes generations to trans form our Economy Only a decade by the study produced a Curi Ous we had thought that a firm grows and develops like a human Birch but the process is in fact quite dynamic Job creating establishments appear to Oscil or pulsate a Sample of million establish ments that existed throughout the 1969 76 period shows that establishments that grew sharply in the past Are the most Likely to decline in the that recently declining establishments Are the ones most Likely to grow in the and that stable firms Are far and away the most Likely to go the Mit figures show that firms adding to the Stock of jobs were overwhelmingly in the service Birch tacks on findings showing an upturn in manufacturing in the late and with that a net gain of five cent in new manufacturing jobs for the Canada has never been Able to produce the hard figures that were put at the disposal of the Massachusetts yet working with fingers crossed and a melange of mismatched figures from statistics the cribs Pat Johnston produced what she describes As the first study of the role of Small business in Job her made in indicated that Between 1969 and 60 per cent of Canada jobs had been created by firms with under 20 a year later Japan produced a study with virtually identical and the first figures from the Birch study with very similar results were in an conversation the other this very knowledgeable economist took a Stab at predicting the Fate of the firms which came into being last they were based on an intuitive feel for How those groups j first of she the huge majority of firms would forever remain Oneman a third of the firms would quickly die but As very often Start up again in another year or maybe one in she would have found a successful Niche and adequate and grow very but rapid growth is hard to it puts firms under a Large after another half of these growth firms could themselves what you she is an incredibly dynamic move in and thousands every in and some some some some each year its a very heterogeneous Sample so that every five years the business scene looks entirely different from what it looked like five years it is doubtful that Many of our policy makers have quite managed to absorb this rather special its policy implications Are indeed Spe last of two articles focus lawyer Alain Hogue with George Forest outside supreme court building in Ottawa French rights defined proposal details provinces language responsibilities by Terence Moore it is already understood among at Torne general Roland Law challenger Roger Bilodeau and the society Francomano Toraine that the existing words of Section 23 of the Manitoba act should remain exactly where they Are and As they that Section is the foundation of the language rights Franco Manitoban now the provinces French Community is not about to give up that familiar set of rules in Exchange for new ones that might turn out to be less the great constitutional Victory the franc Manitoban Community has won lately was the Forest Case and that was won on the interpretation of Section it was won also because Section 23 parallels the Section of the old British North America act which lays Down the language Law for the courts and legislature of the supreme court of Canada in 1979 produced simultaneous and parallel rulings on the Blaikie Case from que Bec and the Forest Case from Manito leaders of the society Franco Manito Baine Are unwilling to break the parallel which proved so helpful in As things now a Constitution Al amendment would add a series of additional paragraphs after the exist ing Section by the Deal that is taking the Manitoba and Feder Al governments would present those new paragraphs to the legislature and to parliament for the necessary Rati the Sam would indicate the agreement of the franc Manitoban Community which is politically use Ful but not constitutionally Neces sary and Roger Bilodeau would drop his supreme court Appeal with its implicit risk that the existing Section might be found toothless or that the Validity of Manitoba statutes might be exposed to the first of the new according to the latest proposal from would say that the Sec Tion 23 requirement for printing and publishing acts of the legislature in both languages is this would be a direct reversal of the Manitoba court of Appeal majority judgment in the Bilodeau for the Appeal court found that the requirement is merely directory and not meaning that statutes Are not invalid just because they were never printed or published in the first new paragraph would give Roger Bilodeau and his Vaughan the Victory that eluded them in the Appeal the second new paragraph would say that English and French Are the official languages of it would not go As far As the 1981 Canadian Constitution does in making the languages official in new Brunswick and providing also that they have Equality of status and equal rights and privileges As to their use in All institutions of the Legisla Ture and government of new Bruns it is not entirely Clear what that new Brunswick Rule but it is reasonably certain that Franco Manitoban will never be As Large a proportion of this provinces Popula Tion As the acadians Are in new it seems unrealistic to expect that the French language would loom As Large in official Litera Ture and speech in Manitoba As it does in new the next several paragraphs of the constitutional amendment pen Ner proposes would provide a time table for old Laws and for enacting new ones in both starting no later than january All Bills in the legislature have to be enacted and printed and published in French and English they will be invalid and just like on language statutes in if they Are not done in both but Laws Given Royal assent before that Date Are agreed to be valid even if they were enacted and printed and published in Only one the existing Section 23 of the Mani Toba act says acts of the legislature must be printed and published in both the proposed amendment adds that they must be enacted in both the existing Section 23 does not say what consequences follow if an act is not printed and published in both languages and that is the Point at Issue in the Bilodeau the proposed amendment spells out the consequences none at All for the next three and a half years and invalidity of on language Laws after for old the proposed amendment obliges the province to enact a general revision of its stat utes before the end of 1995 and to do so in both a general Revi Sion involves codification of Amend dropping of obsolete provi Sions and general tidying up of the translation alone would not necessarily take a dozen but 1995 deadline is intended to allow for both the tidying and the Transl the Penner proposal would also Lay Down rules and a timetable for two language the supreme court of Canada has already established in its clarification of the 1979 Blaikie decision that the two language Rule for Laws also applies to regulations of the Type that take effect Only with the approval of the or of a minister or group of ministers such As the provincial Treasury the supreme court further determined that the Worlan Guage requirement does not apply to municipal or school Board the Penner proposal offers a Defini Tion of a regulation on the Assumption that readers Are unfamiliar with the 1981 Blaikie clarification decision of the supreme it provides that regulations done in English Only before the end of 1987 Are in the Clear but that from then on they must be done in both that gives the government an extra year beyond its deadline for two language Legisla Ture Bills before it must have its regulation making machinery Bilin Section 23 of the Manitoba act pro Vides that both languages shall be used in the records and journals of the the provincial government fears this May mean that every word spoken in debate must not Only be published in Hansard in the language spoken but must also be just As the Federal Han Sard is the government proposal therefore includes a Para graph saying that a verbatim record of using the language of each is not required to be printed and published in both the English language and the French the final paragraphs of the Penner proposal require provincial govern ment services in French in much the same Way As Federal official languages Law any Manitoban is Given the right to communicate in French with head offices of govern ment departments and agencies and with local offices where there is significant demand for French service or where the nature of the office makes it reasonable that service should be available in both Lan but what is to be done when a government office fails to provide French service As it is supposed to the Penner proposal is extremely de the matter is to come before the court of Queens Bench and the government is to produce a plan for ensuring respect for the right to ser vice in the court is to approve the plan or change it or direct the government to change it and the government or the Agency must finally make the changes required by the All this detail is the govern ment to ensure that the court will not respond to a complaint by trying to punish the government when it should be trying to remedy the it is necessary also to make Clear to the court that it is empowered to make decisions that entail the expenditure of which is a Job courts prefer to leave to Politi the system is comparable to the dealings that go on Between courts and school districts working out school desegregation is is not a Type of system Canadian courts and governments Are familiar last of two articles Pawley misses Point of Flag burning Issue now that Roland Penner is charging Down an ice cold in Defiance of the Basic rules of Public per haps Premier Pawley will not blame me for talking about the Flag burning blowing it out of All so to it would be reasonable to assume that by now even the Fine Legal and political mind of the Premier must have concluded that there is More wrong with Cabinet ministers taking part in mob protests than merely get Ting if this has How there is no indication of it in the premiers perhaps the Lan Guage of diplomacy is getting in the the Premier obviously does not real ize that the More polite diplomats the angrier they by this the official note of pro test delivered by the United states to Canada covering the behaviour of two Manitoba ministers of the Crown is a real the embassy of the United states of America presents its compliments to the department of external affairs of f Cleverley the government of Canada and has the Honor to state that on March 23 a demonstration took place at the consulate general of the United states of America at during the course of this a United states Flag was two ministers of the government of Manitoba participated in the demonstration the honorable Muriel minister of economic development and the honorable Al minister of natural re Smith addressed the crowd from the consulate generals Steps with an attack on the United the United states must protest strongly the participation of ministers of the government of Manitoba in this which clearly gave it an official and would appreciate Assur ances that such official support of hostile demonstrations will not be re the embassy of the United states of America avails itself of this Opportunity to convey to the department of external affairs the renewed Assur ances of its highest in three the govern ment has stated its it has not asked for an but Only for assurances that it would not happen even the harshest critic of the pre Mier will concede that he is not about to let such a thing happen what is a real mystery is Why he will not say his reply to external affairs min ister Allan Maceachen proves Only that he has As much trouble with the facts As with the the Premier says the note contains three significant the he was that the Flag burning was part of the the Premier described it As a peripheral activity initiated by an Anonymous individual who hid his or her True identity by wearing a the Premier told the Federal minister that efforts Are currently under Way by the authorities to determine the Iden Tity of this this a full week before Penner loosed the the Premier summarizes the significant fact is that the burning of the United states Flag was not part of the the Flag burning was certainly part of the authorized or As the demonstration was portrayed on if anyone wants to the note did not say that the Flag burning was part of the Demon Only that it occurred during the course of the the Premier says that Muriel Smith did not attack the in her but Only expressed sorrow at events in Nicaragua sic and with the denial of Basic freedoms and the Premier was not at the demonstration to hear the because he had sent his minister on his the minis Ter herself told the legislature that she could not recall her exact nor did she have speaking the Premier then stated once More that the participation of ministers of the Crown did not give the demonstration an official it is made the Premier by correspondence and by Public remarks when an official position is taken or repro despite what Pawley Smith cannot cast aside her offi Cial role when she either for herself or on behalf of the in the the Premier has deplored the widespread publicity Given the he has taken Refuge in the belief that the damage is done not by the action but by the messenger who reports he probably wishes that like commanders of could put the messenger to Modem Lead ers usually cancel newspaper subscript reported or it will affect Mani Tobas relationships with the the North Dakota Senate majority Holland expressed disappoint ment that some of our neighbors in Canada have chosen to desecrate our he was speaking As chairman of the Garrison overview and added he would continue my Zeal to protect the legitimate interests of our Canadian senator Bryce Striebel was a More it matters he whether you Are a proponent or an opponent of the Garrison diversion when Ever a foreign country flaunts us with utter Burns the Flag of our country at the same time it lobbies in the Halls of our it is incumbent that someone speak out and condemn these the Only kind word came from senator Mark who suggested that Al Mackling be left in charge of Garrison but then we All know that what senator Andrews really wants is the completion of the Garri son As originally i Only Hope that Premier Paw Ley knows before he allows Mack Ling to play our poker hand in the Garrison ;