Winnipeg Free Press (Newspaper) - February 18, 2014, Winnipeg, Manitoba
C M Y K PAGE A9
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W ASHINGTON - A participant in
the bruising American battle
over voting rights warns Canada
is treading on dangerous ground
with its proposed electoral reforms.
One of the lawyers who helped strike
down the voter- ID law in Pennsylvania
last month says legislation tabled by
the Harper government will inevitably
wind up depriving some people of their
voting rights.
That's why any change to voting requirements
should be made with the
strictest care, in the spirit of achieving
more accurate election results,
said Witold Walczak, legal director of
the American Civil Liberties Union for
Pennsylvania.
That warning comes from a country
where voting rights are an especially
emotional subject, for obvious historical
reasons. Americans know the issue
well. And the impact of ID rules has
been studied extensively, re- emerging
in recent years as a hotly debated partisan
issue.
Multiple academic studies point to an
impact on turnout, especially among
specific demographic groups: the
young, the poor, and minorities.
The measured statistical effect has
ranged from a couple of percentage
points to more than a dozen, depending
on what the study's measuring, what
state it's looking at and the state's ID
requirement.
The new rules envisioned in Ottawa
are not nearly as cumbersome as the
ones struck down in Pennsylvania. The
right to a ballot there hinged on a document
from the state Department of
Transportation, and the ability to get
that document required ID some voters
couldn't obtain.
The Canadian bill would still allow
39 types of ID. People could still vote
with one government- issued card that
includes a photo and home address, or
with two other documents such as a
bank statement and utility bill.
If passed, however, the legislation
would end the practice of one voter
vouching for another's identity. It would
also prohibit the use of voter information
cards as proof of identity.
Walczak said Canadians need to ask
themselves an important question: Will
the number of cases of fraud prevented
by these changes actually be greater
than the number of people prevented
from voting?
Because, he said, there will certainly
be some of the latter.
" They're going to show up on election
day - having every right to vote,
meeting all of your constitutional requirements,
but not knowing that they
have to bring an ID," Walczak said in
an interview.
" They show up, they wait in line, they
get to the front and hear, ' Sorry, you
can't vote, you've gotta go home.' And
then that person says, ' Ah, screw it, I
don't have time.' "
In Pennsylvania, Walczak said, the
government has failed to point to a
single case of identity fraud at the polling
station - which is the only kind of
fraud a voter- ID rule would address
anyway, he added.
In Canada, chief electoral officer
Marc Mayrand has said the end
of vouching would affect more than
100,000 voters. He said it would affect
young people who move around a
lot, aboriginals with no formal papers
proving their on- reserve address and
elderly people who have just moved
into retirement homes.
In the U. S., the issue carries historical
overtones. After the end of slavery,
African- Americans actually did have
the right to vote everywhere in the
country. A number of black congressmen
were even elected in the South.
But that right was gradually stolen,
and suppressed for nearly a century, as
different states adopted measures such
as poll taxes and literacy tests aimed
at restricting the black vote. The 1965
Voting Rights Act, signed by Lyndon
Johnson, was an attempt to remedy that
with federal oversight of states' voting
standards.
Parts of that law were struck down
last year by the Supreme Court. Now,
as it stands, 34 U. S. states already have
some type of voter- ID law, and the
introduction of these laws has intensified
since the Supreme Court ruling.
Using politically loaded language,
in reference to the Jim Crow era, Attorney
General Eric Holder has called
these new voter- ID laws a " poll tax."
Here's what some studies say about
their impact:
. Researchers at the universities of
Washington, Mexico and Northern Arizona
concluded white voters in Indiana
were 12 per cent more likely than
blacks to have the proper ID, and Republicans
were 15 per cent more likely
to have it than Democrats.
. In a national study, researchers at
the University of Chicago and Washington
University in St. Louis concluded
black youth were 22 per cent more
likely than whites to be asked to show
ID, and 13 per cent more black youth
said their lack of adequate ID kept
them from voting.
. Statistics guru Nate Silver estimated
in 2012 voter- ID laws would reduce
turnout by 2.4 per cent in Pennsylvania
and help Republicans by 1.2 per cent. He
predicted a similar pattern in Kansas,
and lesser echoes in Idaho, Tennessee,
Oklahoma, Rhode Island and Utah.
- The Canadian Press
Canada's voting law perilous: U. S. lawyer
By Alexander Panetta
Warns disenfranchisement
at our ballot boxes inevitable
FRED CHARTRAND / THE CANADIAN PRESS FILES
The proposed Canadian bill would end one voter vouching for another.
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